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Obesity, a global epidemic, significantly contributes to prediabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and other chronic diseases due to its pro-inflammatory nature. This studyl investigates the effects of time-restricted eating (TRE) with calorie restriction (CR), TRE without CR, and CR without TRE on glycemic control and pro-inflammatory biomarkers among prediabetic obese Jordanian adults aged 18-40 years. The study assesses changes in pro-inflammatory biomarkers (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and body composition over 12 weeks.
Participants (n=120) will be randomized into four intervention arms: (1) TRE with CR, (2) TRE without CR, (3) CR without TRE, and (4) a control group with no dietary restrictions and no TRE. Biweekly anthropometric assessments will evaluate pro-inflammatory biomarkers and biochemical measures at baseline and the end of the study. The findings will provide insights into the comparative effectiveness of TRE and CR, potentially offering a safe, cost-effective intervention to prevent obesity-induced inflammation, prediabetes, and progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10-h Time restricted eating with caloric restriction | Experimental |
| |
| 10-h time restricted eating without caloric restriction | Active Comparator |
| |
| caloric restriction without time restricted eating | Active Comparator |
| |
| No time restricted eating - normal diet | Active Comparator |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| time restricted eating with caloric restriction | Other | will be asked to reduce their energy intake by 550 each day. Total energy expenditure will be calculated using the Bioelectrical impedance (BIA); Inbody 120 and multiplied by the physical activity factor and reduced by 550 kilo calories for each participant. The acceptable macronutrient distribution range (AMDR) will be 45-60% carbohydrates, 15-25% protein, and 20-30% fat of the total caloric value and fasted from 18:00 to 8:00 daily (a 14-h fast) in the 12-weeks intervention |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Serum of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 | Will be measured using ELISA before and after dietary intervention to assess the impact of time restricted eating on these proinflammatory biomarkers in participants diagnosed with Insulin resistance | baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Homa-IR | Homa-IR will be assessed using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) method, which involves applying the formula [fasting glucose (mg/dL) * fasting insulin (mU/mL)/ 405] to evaluate the changes in insulin resistance over 12 weeks of intervention | baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention |
| Lipid profile (LDL, HDL, TG, and cholesterol) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Najd Abdullah Sarayreh, PhD | Contact | +962785556000 | 00962 | najd.nutricenter@gmail.com |
| Omar Mohammad Alkassasbeh, Master | Contact | 00962785004201 | 00962 | kasasbeh@gmail.com |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Najd Nutri Center | Amman | 11110-17198 | Jordan |
The individual participant data IPD will not be shared due to privacy concerns and institutional polices. Data access is restricted to the research team to ensure confidentially and compliance with ethical guidelines
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This open-label, 12-week randomized controlled experimental trial factorial 2X2 with a 1:1 allocation ratio
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|
| time restricted eating without caloric restriction | Other | will be asked to maintain their normal diet to the acceptable normal distribution ranges and fast from 8:00 to 18:00. They do not need to restrict caloric intake during the feeding window |
|
| Caloric restriction without Time restricted eating | Other | will be asked to reduce their energy intake by 550 each day. Total energy expenditure will be calculated using the Bioelectrical impedance (BIA); Inbody 120 and multiplied by the physical activity factor and reduced by 550 kilo calories for each participant. The acceptable macronutrient distribution range (AMDR) will be 45-60% carbohydrates, 15-25% protein, and 20-30% fat of the total caloric value |
|
| No time restricted eating - Normal diet | Other | will be asked to maintain their normal diet as the second intervention arm without time restricted eating throughout the trial |
|
will be analyzed at based line and post intervention to determine the impact of dietary modification on lipid profile |
| baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention |
| body weight | in kilograms (Using inbody 120 ) | baseline and every 2 weeks until 12 weeks of intervention |
| Dietary intake using food records | week4, week 8, and week 12 week |
| Fasting blood glucose | baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention |
| fasting insulin level | baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention |
| height | in centimeters, Height measuring scale - Stadiometer without shoes | baseline |
| Body composition | %fat, fat in kilo grams, muscle mass in kilograms, using inbody 120 | baseline and every 2 weeks until 12 weeks of intervention |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007333 | Insulin Resistance |
| D000093763 | Intermittent Fasting |
| D009765 | Obesity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006946 | Hyperinsulinism |
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D005215 | Fasting |
| D005247 | Feeding Behavior |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D050177 | Overweight |
| D044343 | Overnutrition |
| D009748 | Nutrition Disorders |
| D001835 | Body Weight |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D031204 | Caloric Restriction |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D004035 | Diet Therapy |
| D044623 | Nutrition Therapy |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D002149 | Energy Intake |
| D004032 | Diet |
| D009747 | Nutritional Physiological Phenomena |
| D000066888 | Diet, Food, and Nutrition |
| D010829 | Physiological Phenomena |
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