The purpose of the study is to evaluate the diagnostic performance and safety of cryobiopsy for ground-glass opacity (GGO)-dominant peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs) under the guidance of shape-sensing robotic-assisted bronchoscopy (ssRAB) combined with confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE). Additionally, the study aims to establish CLE interpretation criteria for GGO-dominant PPLs based on histopathological characteristics and validate the proposed criteria.

This is a single-arm, single-center, and prospective study. Approximately 119 patients with GGO-dominant PPLs will be enrolled to undergo CLE and ssRAB-guided cryobiopsy for the diagnosis of lesions. During the procedure, CLE will be used to examine the lesion. The primary endpoint is the diagnostic yield of the procedure. The secondary endpoints include the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the procedure, CLE interpretation criteria for GGO-dominant PPLs and its diagnostic efficacy in differentiating benign from malignant lesions, and the complication rate.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age≥18 years;
2. Thin-slice chest CT showing GGO-dominant peripheral pulmonary lesions (diameter≥8mm, GGO component≥50%);
3. Suspected pulmonary malignant tumor which requires transbronchial lung biopsy for diagnosis;
4. Patients who have good compliance and sign informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Diffuse GGO, suspected of benign or infectious lesions;
2. Preoperative imaging showing the target biopsy lesion adjacent to medium or large blood vessels;
3. Patients with contraindications of bronchoscopy;
4. Presence of concomitant endobronchial lesion during the bronchoscopy procedure;
5. Pregnant or lactating women;
6. Patients with known allergy for fluorescein;
7. The investigators believe that patient has other conditions that are not suitable for the study.