Practicing in getting up from the floor is taught with backward chaning method, three times per week for 7 weeks plus usual care provided at the nursing home.

Practicing in only usual care

Each session lasts for 40 minutes starting with a five minutes warming-up including flexibility exercises and ends with a five minutes cooling-down consisting of stretching and breathing exercises. Warming-up is followed by the practicing of getting up floor taught with BMC involving the following 7 steps:

Step 1: descending from a standing position to half kneeling on a wedge pillow. Step 2: descending from a standing position to half kneeling on the floor. Step 3: Like step 2, then descending both knees to the floor into a high kneeling position. Step 4: Like step 3, then descending both hands to the floor one at a time, to come to a prone kneeling position. Step 5: Like step 4, then descending of the body to half sitting. A pillow can be positioned under the hip to soften the floor surface. Step 6: Like step 5, then descending of the body to side lying position. Step 7: Like step 6, then turning from side-lying to supine

A test to measure the time (in seconds) it takes for the participant to stand up from a standard armchair (approximate seat height 46 cm; arm height 65 cm), walk to a cone 3 m from the chair, turn around, walk back to the chair and sit down again. Instruction for the participants is given as follows "walk at a comfortable and safe pace". Wearing their usual footwear, using their usual walking aids, and supporting themselves on the arm of a chair to stand up are allowed/permitted, but physically assistance is not given for them.

After a trial to familiarise the test, two successive performances are measured and the average of these is used the analyses. If necessary, a 30-second rest is provided between tests.

A test to assess the functional lower limb muscle strength. This test counts the sit-to-stands completed in 30 seconds by the participant from a chair (approximate seat height of 46 cm), with arms folded across the chest. The instruction to the participants is to " stand-up completely and sit down as quickly as possible". The digital stop-watch is started when begin on the command "go". Before timing, the participants is asked to perform one sit-to-stand. During testing, the completion of each correct stand is silently counted by the assessor to ensure for the participant his/her own correct performance. Incorrectly executed stands are not counted. At the end of 30-second test period, stand more than halfway up is counted as a full stand. If the participant could not perform a single sit-to-stand in a standard way, they are scored 0. During testing participants wear their regular footwear.