The condition of sepsis patients changes rapidly, whom are often accompanied by impaired respiratory, circulatory, renal, and coagulation functions. So far, the prognosis of sepsis at home and abroad is not ideal. Participants was randomly included in this research project on the pathogenesis and prevention of sepsis due to typical sepsis symptoms. the investigators will collect appropriate clinical specimens for analysis of immune cell functions and pathogenic microorganisms combined with individual patient research. This study will enable sepsis patients to be identified early and receive earlier anti-sepsis treatment, which is expected to improve the prognosis of sepsis, shorten hospitalization time, and reduce treatment costs.

The above-mentioned tests and analyses do not increase the economic burden on the participants, and the required expenses are all paid from the project funds; they do not affect the prognosis and rehabilitation process of participants, and do not have adverse effects on the health of participants.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Temperature > 38°C or < 36°C;
2. Heart rate > 90 beats/min;
3. Respiratory rate > 20 breaths/min or PaCO₂ < 32 mmHg;
4. White blood cell count > 12.0 × 10⁹/L or < 4.0 × 10⁹/L, or > 10% immature neutrophils;
5. Initial septic shock diagnosis;
6. Organ dysfunction (cardiovascular, respiratory, or ≥ 2 other organs);
7. Complete clinical data.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Cancer history;
2. Chemotherapy;
3. Radiotherapy;
4. Incomplete data.
5. Controls were free of infectious or inflammatory diseases and glucocorticoid use.

Patients admitted to the ICU with sepsis, aged over 18 years.

Protecting patient privacy