The complexity of clinical follow-up stems from the wide range of variables involved, such as physical performance, mobility, pain, psychological well-being, and prosthetic functionality. Therefore, developing methods to identify the most relevant and interrelated clinical variables is critical for enhancing patient management. To address this need, Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) offers a powerful multivariate statistical approach for detecting relationships among clinical variables.

This tool categorizes walking ability among lower limb amputees: independent ambulation in the community (score ≥9), independent ambulation in the home or limited community (score 6-8), and limited ambulation in the home (score ≤5)

This test assesses balance and fall risk. Performance categories were as follows: ≤10 seconds (normal mobility), ≤20 seconds (good mobility, can walk without assistance), ≤30 seconds (needs gait aid, cannot walk outside independently). A score of ≥14 seconds indicates a high fall risk

TAPES is a 33-item self-reported questionnaire measuring psychosocial adaptation, activity restriction, and prosthetic satisfaction. The subscales include general adjustment, social adjustment, and adjustment to limitation, along with functional and aesthetic satisfaction

(SF-12) is a 12-item, self-rated, health quality instrument and it was validated into many languages as well as for many diseases. It has eight domains represented with one or two questionnaire items; these domains are physical functioning, role participation with physical health problems (role-physical), bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, role participation with emotional health problems (role-emotional), and mental health. It consists of 12 items where two of the items are three-point Likert type, the others are five-point Likert type

(LCI-5) is a 14-item questionnaire specifically designed to measure walking ability of lower-limb amputees. Two subscales emerge from this general construct; basic abilities (7 items) and advanced abilities (7 items). The items inquire about the ability to perform activities and the level of independence while performing these activities. Each of the 14 items is graded on a 4-point ordinal scale; 0 (not able to), 1 (yes, with help from other person), 2 (yes, with supervision) and 3 (yes, independently). The total LCI score is the sum of the item scores and can range from 0 (worst) to 42 (best). Similarly, subscale scores for basic and advanced capabilities with the prosthesis can range from 0 to 21