The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of NRT6003 Injection compared to cTACE in patients with unresectable HCC.

The main questions it aims to answer are:

1. Does NRT6003 Injection improve tumor response rates compared to cTACE in patients with unresectable HCC?
2. What adverse events do participants experience when receiving NRT6003 Injection compared to cTACE?

Investigators will compare NRT6003 Injection to cTACE to determine:

1. Whether NRT6003 Injection demonstrates superior efficacy in tumor control and long-term survival (e.g., objective response rate, time to progression, etc.).
2. Whether NRT6003 Injection has a comparable or improved safety profile vs. cTACE (e.g., incidence of adverse events, etc.).

Participants will:

1. Receive either NRT6003 Injection or cTACE as per randomized assignment.
2. Undergo scheduled follow-up visits for imaging assessments (e.g., MRI or CT scans, etc.) and safety evaluations.
3. Provide blood samples for biomarker analysis.
4. Report any symptoms or medical events through a patient diary and during clinic visits.

Key Inclusion Criteria:

1. Diagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma (CNLC Ⅰa-Ⅲa) clinically, by imaging and/or pathology based on the guideline of the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (2024).
2. Evaluated by the investigator as not suitable for surgical resection/ablation/liver transplantation, or there is high risk for surgical resection, or the participant refuses surgical resection/ablation/liver transplantation.
3. Child-Pugh score ≤ 7.
4. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≤ 1.
5. Adequate organ function.

Key Exclusion Criteria:

1. Imaging evidence or suspicion of extrahepatic metastases (including regional lymph node metastases).
2. Prior antitumor treatment for primary hepatocellular carcinoma.
3. Prior external radiation therapy or intra-arterial brachytherapy.
4. Liver vascular evaluation results that do not meet all the requirements of the study.