This study was closed due to business reasons. Closure was not prompted by any safety or efficacy concerns.

This is a randomized, controlled, open-label, multicenter clinical study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of carboplatin/cisplatin + etoposide + benmelstobart sequential benmelstobart combined with anlotinib versus carboplatin/cisplatin + etoposide + Tislelizumab sequential Tislelizumab in the first-line treatment of extensive stage small cell lung cancer.

Inclusion Criteria:

• The subjects voluntarily joined the study, signed the informed consent, and had good compliance;

• 18 years old ≤age≤ 75 years old (calculated on the date of signing the informed consent);

• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score 0 ~ 1;

• Expected survival greater than 12 weeks.

• Histologically or cytologically confirmed Extensive stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) (according to the Veterans Administration Lung Cancer Society (VALG) disease staging system).

• had not received systemic therapy for ES-SCLC (including systemic chemotherapy, molecular targeted drug therapy, biological therapy and other investigational therapeutic drugs, etc.) or immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.

• Patients receiving chemoradiotherapy for previously limited-stage SCLC must be treated for cure, and there must be a treatment-free interval of at least 6 months from the last course of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or chemoradiotherapy to the diagnosis of extensive SCLC.

• Confirmed presence of at least one measurable lesion according to RECIST 1.1 criteria. Note: Measurable target lesions cannot be selected from previous radiotherapy sites. If the target lesion of the previous radiotherapy site is the only alternative target lesion, the investigator should provide pre - and post-imaging data showing significant progression of the lesion.

• Laboratory inspection meets the following standards:

  1. Hemoglobin (HGB) ≥ 90g/L;
  2. Neutrophil absolute value (NEUT) ≥ 1.5× 10 9 /L;
  3. Platelet count (PLT) ≥ 90× 10 9 /L;
  4. Total bilirubin (TBIL) ≤ 1.5 times the upper limit of normal value (ULN);
  5. Alanine transferase (ALT) and aspartate transferase (AST) ≤ 2.5×ULN. ALT and AST≤ 5×ULN if accompanied by liver metastasis;
  6. Serum creatinine (CR) ≤ 1.5×ULN or creatinine clearance (CCR) ≥60 mL /min;
  7. Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), International standardized ratio (INR) ≤ 1.5×ULN (no anticoagulant therapy).

• Women of reproductive age should agree that effective contraception must be used during the study period and for 6 months after the end of the study, and that serum or urine pregnancy tests are negative within 7 days prior to study enrollment; Men should agree that effective birth control must be used during the study period and for 6 months after the end of the study period.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Had or was currently suffering from other malignant tumors within 3 years prior to the first medication. The following two conditions can be included: other malignancies treated with a single operation, achieving continuous 5-year disease-free survival (DFS); Cured cervical carcinoma in situ, non-melanoma skin cancer and superficial bladder tumors [Ta(non-invasive tumor), Tis (cancer in situ) and T1 (tumor infiltrating basal membrane)].

• The presence of diseases affecting intravenous administration, intravenous blood collection, or multiple factors affecting oral medication (such as inability to swallow, chronic diarrhea, and intestinal obstruction);

• The adverse effects of previous treatment did not return to The Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v5.0 score ≤ 1, except for grade 2 alopecia, grade 2 peripheral neurotoxicity, grade 2 anemia, non-clinically significant and asymptomatic laboratory abnormalities, stable hypothyroidism after hormone replacement therapy and other toxicities deemed by the investigators to be of no safety risk.

• Those who have received major surgical treatment, significant traumatic injury, or major surgery during the intended study treatment period (other than protocol-specified surgery) within the 4 weeks prior to initial medication, or have sustained unhealed wounds or fractures. (Major surgery is defined as surgery at grade 3 and above in the National Surgical Grading Directory 2022 edition).

• Subjects with any bleeding or bleeding event ≥ CTC AE grade 3 within 4 weeks prior to initial dosing.

• Patients who experienced a hyperarterial/venous thrombosis event, such as cerebrovascular accident (including transient ischemic attack), deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, within 6 months before the first administration of the drug.

• Active viral hepatitis and poorly controlled. Those who meet the following requirements can be screened: HBsAg positive subjects must meet Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA quantification <2000 IU/ml (or 1*104 copy/ml) or receive anti-HBV therapy with a 10-fold (1 log) or greater reduction in viral index for at least 1 week prior to study initiation, and subjects are willing to receive anti-HBV therapy throughout the study period; HCV infected persons (HCV Ab or HCV RNA positive) : The investigators judged to be in a stable state or were receiving antiviral therapy at enrollment and continued to receive approved antiviral therapy in the study.

• Patients with active syphilis who need treatment;

• There is a history of active pulmonary tuberculosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, institutional pneumonia, drug-induced pneumonia, radiation pneumonia requiring treatment, or active pneumonia with clinical symptoms.

• Those who have a history of psychotropic drug abuse and cannot quit or have mental disorders.

• People who are preparing for or have previously received allogeneic bone marrow transplantation or solid organ transplantation.

• History of hepatic encephalopathy.

• Major cardiovascular disease, including any of the following:

  1. According to the New York Heart Association (NYHA) standards of grade II or higher cardiac insufficiency or heart color ultrasound: left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <50%;
  2. There is a history of clinically significant ventricular arrhythmias (such as persistent ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, tip torsion ventricular tachycardia) or arrhythmias requiring continuous antiarrhythmic drug treatment;
  3. Unstable angina;
  4. Myocardial infarction occurred within 12 months;
  5. Fridericia- modified QT interval (QTcF) > 450 ms (msec) for men and >470 msec for women (if QTc is abnormal, it can be tested three times at intervals of more than 2 minutes, and its average value is taken);
  6. Congenital long QT syndrome history or family history;
  7. A history of deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, or any other severe thromboembolism within the 3 months prior to randomization (implantable venous port or catheter-derived thrombosis, or superficial venous thrombosis is not considered "severe" thromboembolism);
  8. Currently receiving or having recently received (within 7 days before the start of study treatment) aspirin (>325mg/ day (maximum antiplatelet dose) or dipyridamole, ticlopidine, clopidogrel, and cilostazol.

• Active or uncontrolled severe infection (≥CTC AE grade 2 infection);

• Patients with renal failure requiring hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis;

• Have a history of immunodeficiency, including HIV positive or other acquired or congenital immunodeficiency diseases;

• Subjects who require immunosuppressive, systemic, or absorbable topical hormone therapy for immunosuppressive purposes and who continue to use it for 7 days prior to initial administration (except for corticosteroids < 10 mg daily prednisone or other therapeutic hormones);

• People who have epilepsy and need treatment.

• Tumor-related symptoms and treatment:

  1. For subjects who have received chemotherapy, immunotherapy within 3 weeks before the first dose, radiation therapy or small molecule targeted drugs within 2 weeks, or who are still within the 5 half-lives of the drug (as the shortest time of occurrence), the washout period is calculated from the end time of the last treatment;
  2. Within 2 weeks before the first drug use, it has been treated with Chinese patent medicines (including compound Cantharides capsule, Kangai injection, Kanglaite capsule/injection, Aidi injection, Bruceae oil injection/capsule, Xiaoaiping tablet/injection, Cinobufotalin capsule, etc.) with anti-tumor indications specified in the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) approved drug instructions;
  3. Imaging (CT or MRI) shows that the tumor has invaded important blood vessels, or the investigator determines that the tumor is highly likely to invade important blood vessels during the follow-up study period and cause fatal massive bleeding;
  4. Uncontrolled pleural effusion, pericardial effusion or moderate to severe ascites that still require repeated drainage (investigators' judgment);
  5. Patients with active central nervous system (CNS) metastases and/or cancerous meningitis identified by known or screening tests. Subjects with asymptomatic brain metastases (i.e., no progressive central nervous system symptoms caused by brain metastases, no need for corticosteroids, and the lesion size ≤1.5cm) can participate, but require regular brain imaging as a disease site. (2) Treated subjects with BMS who had stable BMS for at least 2 months (as determined by two imaging studies at least 4 weeks apart after BMS), no evidence of new or expanded BMS, and steroid discontinuation 3 days before study drug administration. Stable brain metastases in this definition should be determined before the first administration of the investigational drug.
  6. Spinal cord compression that was not treated radically by surgery and/or radiotherapy, or previously diagnosed spinal cord compression with no clinical evidence of disease stabilization ≥1 week after treatment prior to randomization.

• Known allergy to study drug excipients, known severe allergic reaction to any monoclonal antibody, history of carboplatin, cisplatin, or etoposide allergy.

• Subjects had previously been treated with other antibodies/drugs targeting immune checkpoints, such as PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA4, etc.

• Previously received treatment with anti-angiogenic drugs such as Anlotinib, Apatinib, and Bevacizumab.

• Participants who had participated in and used other anti-tumor clinical trials within 4 weeks before the first medication.

• In the judgment of the investigator, there is a situation that seriously endangers the safety of the subject or affects the completion of the study.