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Considering the impact of motor and non-motor findings on movement problems in the disease management of people living with PD, biopsychosocial evaluation and treatment approaches are essential. However, there are not many studies investigating the impact of a biopsychosocial-based exercise approach on the biopsychosocial characteristics of individuals in PD management.
The Cognitive Exercise Therapy Approach (BETY), an innovative exercise approach based on the biopsychosocial model, has been developed with the participation of individuals with rheumatism in exercise sessions for many years. This study investigated the effects of the BETY, a supervised biopsychosocial model-based exercise intervention, on cognitive status, physical activity, balance, and biopsychosocial status in people living with PD.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| BETY session group | Experimental | Parkinson's Disease participating in BETY sessions. |
|
| Control Group | No Intervention | Control groups continued their disease management under the follow-up of their neurologists. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BETY | Other | The cognitive Exercise Therapy Approach (Bilişsel Egzersiz Terapi Yaklaşımı-BETY) will be applied for 24 one-hour sessions, two days a week. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| BETY-Biopsychosocial Questionnaire | Each question of the BETY-BQ consists of 30 items scored between 0-120 as '0 (never), 1 (yes rarely), 2 (yes sometimes), 3 (yes often), 4 (yes always)'. A high score indicates poor biopsychosocial status. | Three months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Beck Depression Scale (BECK-D) | It assesses the depression status of individuals. It consists of a total of 21 items assessing unhappiness, self-blame, self-dislike, thoughts of failure, irritability, crying, social withdrawal, indecision, fatigue, insomnia, loss of appetite, somatic distractions, and decreased libido. 1-10: Normal, 11-16: Mild mood changes, 17-20: Borderline clinical depression, 21-30: Moderate depression, 31-40: Severe depression, 40: Very severe depression |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alaaddin Keykubat University | Antalya | Alanya | 07425 | Turkey (Türkiye) | ||
| Hacettepe University |
Will not be shared to protect the data of individuals
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010300 | Parkinson Disease |
| D003863 | Depression |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020734 | Parkinsonian Disorders |
| D001480 | Basal Ganglia Diseases |
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
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| Three months |
| International physical activity questionnaire-Short (IPAQ-Short) | The scale includes questions about physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes or more in the last 1 week. The IPAQ-Short uses the Metabolic Equivalent (MET) method for physical activity level. Fixed MET values were determined for each section of the scale. These MET values are: Vigorous physical activity, 8 METs; moderate physical activity, 4 METs; walking, 3.3 METs; sitting, 1.5 METs. These MET values are multiplied by the time spent and the number of days, and the results for each activity are summed, and the total MET value is found. Total score values are in MET-minutes/week: Low-level physical activity - Total score < 600 MET min/week, Moderate physical activity - 3000 MET min/week > Total score ≥ 600 MET min/week, High-level physical activity - Total score ≥ 3000 MET min/week. | Three months |
| Berg Balance Scale (BBS) | The Berg Balance Scale (BBS) assesses the risk of falling in 14 situations that individuals may encounter daily. Each item is scored between 0-4 in this test according to the individual's ability. While a score of 4 indicates that the individual can complete that item, the highest score can be 56 points.0-20: High fall risk, 21-40: Moderate fall risk, 41-56: Low risk | Three months |
| 8-Item Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-8) | The 8-item Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-8) consists of one item from each of the eight domains of the PDQ-39 (mobility, activities of daily living, emotional well-being, stigma, communication, social support, cognition, and physical discomfort) with the highest item-total correlation. Each question is scored between 0-4, with a total score in the range of 0-32. A higher score indicates a worse quality of life. | Three months |
| Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) | The scale consists of four parts: 1. Mental, behavioral, and mental status (4 questions), 2. Activities of daily living (13 questions), 3. Motor performance (14 questions), 4. Treatment complications (11 questions). It is used to assess motor impairment and disability in Parkinson's disease. The total score of the scale indicates the severity of the disease. A higher score indicates more severe Parkinson's disease. | Three months |
| Montreal Cognitive Assesment: MoCA | The Montreal Cognitive Assessment Test (MoCA) is an assessment tool developed to evaluate mild cognitive impairment. MoCA has items that test executive tasks such as abstract thinking, tracing tests, cube copying, clock drawing, similarity, naming, memory and attention, sentence repetition, verbal fluency, delayed recall, and orientation. This test is scored between 0-30. Cognitive status is considered normal above a total score of 21. | Three months |
| Modified Hoehn & Yahr Staging Scale (MH&Y) | It is used to determine the degree of disease and symptoms of Parkinson's disease. The scale has a seven-item staging system. | Three months |
| Ankara |
| Altındağ |
| 06100 |
| Turkey (Türkiye) |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D009069 | Movement Disorders |
| D000080874 | Synucleinopathies |
| D019636 | Neurodegenerative Diseases |
| D001526 | Behavioral Symptoms |
| D001519 | Behavior |