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| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4021591/1 | Other Grant/Funding Number | BPI France |
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The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if a combined minfulness-diving program has an impact on emotional eating in adults with obesity. The main questions it aims to answer are:
Does the BathysMed protocol have an impact on emotional eating after the 2 months diving protocol? Researchers will compare the diving program to a control group of adult patients with obesity.
Participants will be asked to participate in the combined mindfulness-diving protocol for 2 months, and complete the questionnaires at baseline, 2, 5, and 8 months follow up.
This unblinded randomized controlled trial is performed in the community setting, Montpellier, France. Adults with a BMI > 30kg/m2 were randomly assigned (1:1) to a Bathysmed® 2-month program (intervention group) therapeutic scuba-diving protocol with mindfulness exercises plus standard care, or stand-alone standard care including dietary and psychological support (control group). The primary outcome was the mean change in the emotional eating subscale of the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (DEBQ-EE) at 2-months as intention to treat.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Diving group | Experimental | The program included ten scuba-diving sessions with mindfulness training, twice a week for five weeks, alongside standard care for obesity in a primary care centre in Montpellier |
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| Control group | Placebo Comparator | Standard care included regular appointments and health education with their general practitioner and monthly appointments with the dietician and psychotherapist at the primary care centre in Montpellier, France throughout the study. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A combined mindfulness and therapeutic scuba-diving protocol | Other | The Bathysmed program is a unique scuba diving program that combines scuba immersion with techniques from mindfulness meditation, psychology and sports mental preparation. The program includes 30 different exercises over ten scuba-diving sessions with mindfulness training, twice a week for five weeks. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| DEBQ-EE | The primary outcome was the mean change in the emotional eating subscale of the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (DEBQ-EE) at the end of the two-month protocol. | 2 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| DEBQ-EE at 5 and 8 months follow up | emotional eating subscale of the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (DEBQ-EE) at 5 and 8 months follow up | 5 and 8 months follow up |
| DEBQ-RE | Change in the Restrictive eating subscale of the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (DEBQ-EE) between baseline and two, five and eight months follow up |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BathysMed | Montpellier | 34080 | France |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 41894522 | Derived | Griffiths K, Markarian T, Meurice V, Muzellec M, Lannoy F, Beneton F, Michelet P. Efficacy of a combined diving and mindfulness program on emotional eating in adults with obesity: Randomised controlled trial with standard care. PLoS One. 2026 Mar 27;21(3):e0345784. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0345784. eCollection 2026. |
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| Control group regular follow up in primary care | Other | Standard care includes regular appointments and health education with their general practitioner and monthly appointments with the dietician and psychotherapist at the primary care centre in Montpellier, France throughout the study. This care includes monthly sessions on diet, exercise and general stress management with a registered dietician. |
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| 2, 5 and 8 months follow up |
| DEBQ-ExtE | Change in the external eating subscale of the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (DEBQ-EE) between baseline two, five and eight months follow up | 2, 5 and 8 months follow up |
| WSSQ | Change in weight bias internalisation (WBI) and weight self-stigma using the Weight Self Stigma Questionnaire (WSSQ), score between baseline and 2, 5 and 8 months follow up | 2, 5 and 8 months follow up |
| EQVOD scale | Change in the quality of life using a specific questionnaire for obese patients EQVOD (l'échelle de Qualité de Vie Obésité et Diététique) (17); between baseline and 2 , 5 and 8 months follow up | 2, 5 and 8 months follow up |
| PSS Score | Evaluation of Perceived Stress Scale of Cohen score (PSS), between baseline and 2, 5 and 8 months follow up | 2, 5 and 8 months follow up |
| Weight (kg) | Weight measured in Kg | 2, 5 and 8 months follow up |
| BMI kg/m2 | BMI kg/m2 Body Mass Index | 2, 5 and 8 months follow up |
| Waist circumference | Waist circumference (cm) | 2, 5 and 8 months follow up |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009765 | Obesity |
| D050177 | Overweight |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D044343 | Overnutrition |
| D009748 | Nutrition Disorders |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D001835 | Body Weight |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011320 | Primary Health Care |
| D035061 | Control Groups |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003191 | Comprehensive Health Care |
| D010346 | Patient Care Management |
| D006298 | Health Services Administration |
| D015340 | Epidemiologic Research Design |
| D004812 | Epidemiologic Methods |
| D008919 | Investigative Techniques |
| D012107 | Research Design |
| D008722 | Methods |
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