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This study evaluated the effects of a weight loss diet on biochemical, anthropometric variables, and cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) levels in 65 patients newly diagnosed with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Participants followed an 8-week medical nutrition therapy (MNT) designed to achieve at least 5% weight loss. Significant changes were observed in some biochemical parameters and blood pressure among those who adhered to the diet. CD36 levels showed correlations with various metabolic and body composition parameters.
This research aimed to assess the impact of a weight loss diet on biochemical and anthropometric variables, as well as CD36 levels, in 80 patients newly diagnosed with metabolic syndrome (MetS) who began a weight loss program. The study was completed all of whom were diagnosed with MetS and had applied to the Internal Medicine Outpatient Clinic at Ordu University Training and Research Hospital. At the start of the study, participants were provided with medical nutrition therapy (MNT) tailored to their energy and nutritional needs, as well as their lifestyle, with the goal of achieving at least a 5% weight loss within 8 weeks. Patients were monitored regularly throughout the process.
Before initiating MNT, participants' general characteristics and dietary habits were collected through face-to-face interviews. Additionally, 24-hour dietary recalls and anthropometric measurements were taken both before and at the end of the 8th week. Biochemical data were retrieved from patient records, blood pressure was measured by a physician, and fasting blood samples were collected for CD36 analysis, which were then stored at -80°C until further examination.
By the end of the study, some individuals adhered strictly to the MNT. Statistical differences were observed in some biochemical parameters and blood pressure between those who complied with MNT and those who did not. Correlations were observed between CD36 levels and some variables.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention Group | Experimental | At the beginning of the study, all participants were given a hypocaloric diet to induce weight loss. Individuals who followed the diet and lost at least 5% of their starting weight constituted this group. |
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| Control Group | No Intervention | At the beginning of the study, all participants were given a hypocaloric diet to induce weight loss. Individuals who did not follow the diet and did not lose at least 5% of their starting weight constituted this group. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| medical nutrition therapy | Other | Medical nutrition treatment was planned for all participants with metabolic syndrome. A diet plan was created considering age, gender, blood findings and nutritional habits. Individuals with MetS were given a weight loss diet planned at the basal energy level calculated with the Harris-Benedict equation and applied for 8 weeks. Individuals who applied the weight loss diet were targeted to lose at least 5% of their initial weight at the end of 8 weeks. Individuals who strictly followed the given medical nutrition treatment and achieved the targeted weight loss formed the intervention group, and individuals who did not follow the medical nutrition treatment formed the control group. At the end of the 8 weeks, all parameters, blood pressure and anthropometric measurements of all individuals who participated in the study and retrospective 24-hour food consumption records were recorded again and the study was concluded. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in the intervention group | A decrease in body weight, improvement in biochemical findings and a decrease in serum CD36 levels are expected in individuals who follow the given diet. | Week 0 - Week 8 |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Mehmet FISUNOGLU, Assoc. Prof. | Hacettepe University | Study Director |
| Ozlem Ozdemir, Assist. Prof | Ordu University | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ordu University | Ordu | Altınordu | 52200 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 35809322 | Result | Khaleel AA, Al-Barzinji RMGT. Soluble CD36 Concentration in Diabetic Hypertensive Patients with Coronary Atherosclerosis. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 2022 May 22;68(1):109-116. doi: 10.14715/cmb/2022.68.1.14. | |
| 29576254 | Result | Rac ME, Safranow K, Garanty-Bogacka B, Dziedziejko V, Kurzawski G, Goschorska M, Kuligowska A, Pauli N, Chlubek D. CD36 gene polymorphism and plasma sCD36 as the risk factor in higher cholesterolemia. Arch Pediatr. 2018 Apr;25(3):177-181. doi: 10.1016/j.arcped.2018.01.008. Epub 2018 Mar 23. |
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I do not want to share this before publishing the research as a research article.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D024821 | Metabolic Syndrome |
| D015431 | Weight Loss |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007333 | Insulin Resistance |
| D006946 | Hyperinsulinism |
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D044623 | Nutrition Therapy |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
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There are 2 groups in the study. Both groups consist of individuals with newly diagnosed metabolic syndrome. The first group (intervention group) is the group that applied a weight loss diet and achieved weight loss. The second group (control group) is the group that did not apply a diet and did not achieve weight loss.
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| 29075849 | Result | Blomquist C, Chorell E, Ryberg M, Mellberg C, Worrsjo E, Makoveichuk E, Larsson C, Lindahl B, Olivecrona G, Olsson T. Decreased lipogenesis-promoting factors in adipose tissue in postmenopausal women with overweight on a Paleolithic-type diet. Eur J Nutr. 2018 Dec;57(8):2877-2886. doi: 10.1007/s00394-017-1558-0. Epub 2017 Oct 26. |
| 24579084 | Result | do Amaral CL, Milagro FI, Curi R, Martinez JA. DNA methylation pattern in overweight women under an energy-restricted diet supplemented with fish oil. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:675021. doi: 10.1155/2014/675021. Epub 2014 Jan 22. |
| 30459053 | Result | Mora-Rodriguez R, Ortega JF, Morales-Palomo F, Ramirez-Jimenez M. Weight loss but not gains in cardiorespiratory fitness after exercise-training predicts improved health risk factors in metabolic syndrome. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2018 Dec;28(12):1267-1274. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2018.08.004. Epub 2018 Aug 23. |
| 27123261 | Result | Alkhatatbeh MJ, Ayoub NM, Mhaidat NM, Saadeh NA, Lincz LF. Soluble cluster of differentiation 36 concentrations are not associated with cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged subjects. Biomed Rep. 2016 May;4(5):642-648. doi: 10.3892/br.2016.622. Epub 2016 Mar 3. |
| 10823279 | Result | Yanai H, Chiba H, Morimoto M, Jamieson GA, Matsuno K. Type I CD36 deficiency in humans is not associated with insulin resistance syndrome. Thromb Haemost. 2000 May;83(5):786. No abstract available. |
| 12547883 | Result | Furuhashi M, Ura N, Nakata T, Shimamoto K. Insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism in human CD36 deficiency. Diabetes Care. 2003 Feb;26(2):471-4. doi: 10.2337/diacare.26.2.471. |
| 28729885 | Result | Lopez-Carmona MD, Plaza-Seron MC, Vargas-Candela A, Tinahones FJ, Gomez-Huelgas R, Bernal-Lopez MR. CD36 overexpression: a possible etiopathogenic mechanism of atherosclerosis in patients with prediabetes and diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2017 Jul 18;9:55. doi: 10.1186/s13098-017-0253-x. eCollection 2017. |
| 11433350 | Result | Griffin E, Re A, Hamel N, Fu C, Bush H, McCaffrey T, Asch AS. A link between diabetes and atherosclerosis: Glucose regulates expression of CD36 at the level of translation. Nat Med. 2001 Jul;7(7):840-6. doi: 10.1038/89969. |
| 29883404 | Result | Marechal L, Laviolette M, Rodrigue-Way A, Sow B, Brochu M, Caron V, Tremblay A. The CD36-PPARgamma Pathway in Metabolic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci. 2018 May 21;19(5):1529. doi: 10.3390/ijms19051529. |
| 28555086 | Result | Pardina E, Ferrer R, Rossell J, Ricart-Jane D, Mendez-Lara KA, Baena-Fustegueras JA, Lecube A, Julve J, Peinado-Onsurbe J. Hepatic CD36 downregulation parallels steatosis improvement in morbidly obese undergoing bariatric surgery. Int J Obes (Lond). 2017 Sep;41(9):1388-1393. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2017.115. Epub 2017 May 10. |
| 30386406 | Result | Botha J, Nielsen MH, Christensen MH, Vestergaard H, Handberg A. Bariatric surgery reduces CD36-bearing microvesicles of endothelial and monocyte origin. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2018 Oct 23;15:76. doi: 10.1186/s12986-018-0309-4. eCollection 2018. |
| 27273071 | Result | Knosgaard L, Kazankov K, Birkebaek NH, Holland-Fischer P, Lange A, Solvig J, Horlyck A, Kristensen K, Rittig S, Vilstrup H, Gronbaek H, Handberg A. Reduced sCD36 following weight loss corresponds to improved insulin sensitivity, dyslipidemia and liver fat in obese children. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2016 Sep;70(9):1073-7. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.88. Epub 2016 Jun 8. |
| D009750 |
| Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D001836 | Body Weight Changes |
| D001835 | Body Weight |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |