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The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if breastmilk, massage or no intervention works for pain management during vaccination of term infants. It will also learn about the safety of these 3 approaches. The main questions it aims to answer is:
Does breastmilk, massage or no intervention works for pain management during vaccination of term infants?
Researchers will compare breastmilk, massage or no intervention for pain management during vaccination of term infants.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Breastmilk arm | Experimental | Breastmilk was administered for pain |
|
| Massage arm | Experimental | Massage was administered for pain |
|
| No interention arm | No Intervention | No intervention was done for pain |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Breastmilk | Dietary Supplement | Breastmilk from the mother of the infant was given for pain |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Neonatal infant pain score (NIPS) | The pain score assessment based on the neonatal infant pain score (NIPS). Interpretation: minimum score of 0 and a maximum score of 7. 0-1: no pain; 2: mild pain; 3-4: moderate pain; 5-7: severe pain. | The pain scores for all the arms was done 2 minutes before vaccination and 30 seconds after vaccination |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bamenda Regional Hospital | Bamenda | Northwest Region | 00000 | Cameroon |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000377 | Agnosia |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010468 | Perceptual Disorders |
| D019954 | Neurobehavioral Manifestations |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008405 | Massage |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D064746 | Therapy, Soft Tissue |
| D026201 | Musculoskeletal Manipulations |
| D000529 | Complementary Therapies |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
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| Massage | Procedure | The spot that was vaccinated was massaged by the mother/carer of the infant |
|
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D026741 | Physical Therapy Modalities |
| D012046 | Rehabilitation |