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The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness and implementation of the mobile health (mHealth)-assisted, person-centred care (PCC) self-care support programme for homebound older adults. The researcher will compare PCC approach to a conventional care provider-led model. Participants (n = 130) will receive the intervention of six bi-weekly WhatsApp video call sessions over three months with nurse case managers (NCMs).
This hybrid effectiveness-implementation, cluster-randomized controlled trial evaluates a mHealth-assisted, PCC self-care support programme for homebound older adults in Hong Kong. Participants (n = 130) receive six bi-weekly WhatsApp video call sessions with NCMs over three months. The study compares a PCC-based approach with a conventional provider-led model. Effectiveness outcomes include self-efficacy, functional independence, and psychosocial well-being. Implementation is assessed using the RE-AIM framework. Findings will inform scalable, digital health interventions for aging populations, improving functional independence, self-care engagement, and healthcare accessibility for homebound older adults.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention Group | Experimental | The intervention group emphasizes shared decision-making, goal-setting, and interdisciplinary support. The NCM will co-develop self-care plans with participants. |
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| Control Group | Active Comparator | The control group does not include shared decision-making or personalized goal-setting. Self-care plans will be developed solely by the nurse case manager (NCM). |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCC-based mHealth-assisted self-care support intervention | Behavioral | Participants receive six bi-weekly WhatsApp video call sessions with a NCM over three months, using a person-centred care (PCC) approach. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in self-efficacy assessed using the Chinese version of the General Self-Efficacy Scale | Unit of Measure: Mean score on self-efficacy. | At baseline, 3 months post-intervention , and 6 months post-intervention. |
| Change in instrumental activities of daily living assessed using the Chinese version of the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale | Unit of Measure: Mean score on instrumental activities of daily living. | At baseline, 3 months post-intervention , and 6 months post-intervention. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in quality of life assessed using the Chinese version of the 12-item Short Form Health Survey version 2 | Unit of Measure: Mean score on quality of life. | At baseline, 3 months post-intervention , and 6 months post-intervention. |
| Change in psychological distress assessed using the Chinese version of 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prof. Arkers Wong | Contact | +852 3400 3805 | arkers.wong@polyu.edu.hk |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Prof. Arkers Wong | School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yan Oi Tong | Recruiting | Hong Kong | Hong Kong |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 41904377 | Derived | Wong AKC, Wong FKY, Ng SSM, Wong MCS, Wolf A, Cheng ASK, Wu K, Choi NG, Lee PH, Kwan RYC, Liu R, Leung YP, Choi SY. Homebound older adults in self-care using a mobile health-assisted, person-centred care approach: study protocol for a hybrid effectiveness-implementation design. BMC Prim Care. 2026 Mar 29;27(1):181. doi: 10.1186/s12875-026-03287-5. |
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| Provider-led mHealth-assisted self-care support intervention | Behavioral | Participants receive six bi-weekly WhatsApp video call sessions with a NCM over three months, based on the conventional provider-led model. |
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Unit of Measure: Mean score on psychological distress. |
| At baseline, 3 months post-intervention , and 6 months post-intervention. |
| Change in perceived loneliness assessed using the Chinese version of the UCLA 3-item Loneliness Scale | Unit of Measure: Mean score on perceived loneliness. | At baseline, 3 months post-intervention , and 6 months post-intervention. |
| Change in functional mobility assessed using the Timed Up and Go Test | Unit of Measure: Time in seconds. | At baseline, 3 months post-intervention , and 6 months post-intervention. |
| Change in sedentary behaviour assessed using the Chinese version of the Sedentary Behaviour Questionnaire for Elderly | Unit of Measure: Mean hours per day. | At baseline, 3 months post-intervention , and 6 months post-intervention. |
| Change in frequency of healthcare utilization assessed using the self-reported healthcare utilization survey | Unit of Measure: Number of visits. | At baseline, 3 months post-intervention , and 6 months post-intervention. |
| Participant reach and recruitment success measured by recruitment records | Unit of Measure: Percentage of eligible enrollment. | At baseline. |
| Participant satisfaction with the intervention assessed using the Chinese version of four-dimension Client Satisfaction Questionnaire | Unit of Measure: Mean score on satisfaction. | At 3 months post-intervention and 6 months post-intervention. |
| Service provider acceptability and adoption of person-centred care approach measured by focus group interview | Unit of Measure: Thematic analysis of interview records. | At 3 months post-intervention. |
| Implementation fidelity and adherence to person-centred care principles measured by session recordings and fidelity checklist | Unit of Measure: 1). Number and reasons for missed sessions; 2). Percentage of sessions meeting fidelity criteria. | Ongoing monitoring during intervention. |
| Long-term maintenance and retention of participants measured by cost-effectiveness analysis and retention and dropout records | Unit of Measure: 1). Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) per additional quality adjusted life year (QALY) gained; 2). Number and reasons of dropout. | At 6 months post-intervention. |
| Barriers and Facilitators to the intervention measured by focus group interview | Unit of Measure: Thematic analysis of interview records. | At 3 months post-intervention. |