This study is an observational, cross-sectional investigation conducted to evaluate shoulder joint position sense (JPS) in healthy volunteers. It aims to assess the reliability of JPS measurements performed in a seated position using a digital inclinometer.

Experimental Procedure:

In this study, shoulder joint position sense (JPS) measurements will be conducted in a seated position using a digital inclinometer.

Test Protocol:

Participants will be asked to reproduce three different shoulder flexion and abduction angles:

Low range: 55° ± 5° Middle range: 90° ± 5° High range: 125° ± 5° Participants will also be asked to reproduce a 20° ± 5° shoulder internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER) angle in the horizontal plane.

After raising their arm to a randomly determined angle and holding it for a few seconds, they will be instructed to return to the starting position.

They will then be asked to reproduce the angle they remember.