Second Toe Length and Hallux Valgus: Greek vs. Egyptian Foot

Greek vs. Egyptian Foot: The Impact of Second Toe Length on Hallux Valgus Development

A total of 150 patients aged 60-80 years with existing foot radiographs will be included in the study. Radiographic evaluations will include measurements of the hallux valgus angle, first intermetatarsal angle, and the metatarsal and phalanx lengths of the first and second toes. The ratio of the second toe phalanx length to the first toe phalanx length will be calculated and recorded. The relationship between the hallux valgus angle, toe lengths, and their ratios will be analyzed using statistical methods.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age between 60-80 years
• Presence of foot radiographs suitable for measurement
• No history of prior foot surgery

Exclusion Criteria:

• History of foot trauma or fractures
• Previous foot or toe surgery
• Presence of congenital foot deformities
• Neurological or rheumatologic conditions affecting foot structure
• Severe osteoarthritis or other degenerative foot diseases visible on radiographs