Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
One of the medications administered to patients in general anesthesia practice is rocuronium, which causes pain during intravenous administration. It is known that a drug containing lidocaine as the active ingredient can reduce the pain caused by rocuronium in different doses. The effective dose of lidocaine remains a topic of debate. In our study, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of two different doses of lidocaine. No adverse effects are expected from this medication.
The patients were randomly divided into three groups by a simple drawing-lots method: control group (Group C), 40 mg lidocaine group (Group L) and 1 mg/kg lidocaine group (Group L1). All patients were taken to the operating room without premedication and standard monitoring was applied. A 20 G intravenous catheter was inserted on the dorsum of the patients' non-dominant hand, and 100 ml/hour of physiological saline solution was infused over a 5-minute period. After randomization, 5 ml of isotonic solution was administered to the control group, 40 mg of lidocaine to the L group, and 1 mg kg-1 of lidocaine intravenously to the L1 group. Patients were administered 0.06 mg/kg of rocuronium, and they were asked, "Do you feel any pain or discomfort in your arm?" The pain intensity expressed by the patient was evaluated and recorded using the 5-point pain scale. After induction and intubation, the patients' blood pressure, pulse, and saturation values were recorded.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Injection of serum physiologic that contains no drug. | Placebo Comparator | We injected serum physiologic that contains no drug before injection of rocuronium and recorded pain score. |
|
| 40 mg lidocain group | Experimental | We injected 40 mg lidocain for the prevention of injection pain caused by rocuronium. We injected 0.06 mg/kg rocurunium and recorded pain by using visual analog scale. |
|
| 1 mg/kg lidocain group | Experimental | We injected 1 mg/kg lidocain for the prevention of injection pain caused by rocuronium. We injected 0.06 mg/kg rocurunium and recorded pain score by using visual analog scale. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lidocain 40 mg | Drug | We injected 40 mg lidocain before rocuronium injection. Then we recorded pain score by using visual analog scale. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Visual analog score after the injection | We described Visual analog scale to the patient before the day of surgery. On the visual analog scale, a score of 10 is the worst pain in life, while a score of 0 is no pain. The patient is asked to give a score to his pain caused by rocuronium injection and the score is recorded. | From enrollment to the end of injection at 5 minutes. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Changes on heart rate | All patients who will receive general anesthesia are routinely monitored with electrocardiogram, noninvazive blood pressure and oxygen saturation. We recorded heart rate as beat per minute before and after the injections during 20 minutes. | Hemodynamic parameters were recorded 5 minutes intervals. Adverse effects of the drug were observed during 5 minutes after the injection. |
Not provided
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Azime Bulut | Giresun University | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Giresun University | Giresun | Turkey | Turkey (Türkiye) | |||
| Giresun Training and Research Hospital |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 18008122 | Result | Singh M, Chauhan H, Rath GP, Prabhakar H, Bithal PK, Dash HH. Effect of narcotic pretreatment on pain after rocuronium injection: a randomized, double-blind controlled comparison with lidocaine. J Anesth. 2007;21(4):510-2. doi: 10.1007/s00540-007-0560-8. Epub 2007 Nov 1. | |
| 12594153 | Result | Chiarella AB, Jolly DT, Huston CM, Clanachan AS. Comparison of four strategies to reduce the pain associated with intravenous administration of rocuronium. Br J Anaesth. 2003 Mar;90(3):377-9. doi: 10.1093/bja/aeg054. |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| lidocain 1 mg/kg | Drug | We injected 1 mg/kg lidocain before rocuronium injection. Then we recorded pain score by using visual analog scale. |
|
|
| serum physiologic | Drug | We injected serum physiologic before rocuronium injection. Then we recorded pain score by using visual analog scale. |
|
|
| Changes on noninvasive blood pressure | All patients who will receive general anesthesia are routinely monitored with electrocardiogram, noninvazive blood pressure and oxygen saturation. We recorded noninvasive blood pressure as mmHg before and after the injections during 20 minutes. | Hemodynamic parameters were recorded 5 minutes intervals. Adverse effects of the drug were observed during 5 minutes after the injection. |
| Changes on oxygen saturation | All patients who will receive general anesthesia are routinely monitored with electrocardiogram, noninvazive blood pressure and oxygen saturation. We recorded oxygen saturation as percentage before and after the injections during 20 minutes. | Hemodynamic parameters were recorded 5 minutes intervals. |
| Adverse effects | After the injection of the drug we observed any side effect such as metallic taste, erythema, swelling, itching, allergic reaction. | Adverse effects of the drug were observed during 5 minutes after the injection. |
| Giresun |
| Turkey (Türkiye) |
| 26422874 | Result | Ergil J, Kavak Akelma F, Ozkan D, Bumin Aydin G, Gurel A, Akinci M. Effects of pretreatment with esmolol and lidocaine on injection pain and rocuronium-induced withdrawal response. Turk J Med Sci. 2015;45(4):959-63. doi: 10.3906/sag-1311-79. |
| 15781511 | Result | Ahmad N, Choy CY, Aris EA, Balan S. Preventing the withdrawal response associated with rocuronium injection: a comparison of fentanyl with lidocaine. Anesth Analg. 2005 Apr;100(4):987-990. doi: 10.1213/01.ANE.0000147790.76114.3A. |
| 10740559 | Result | Cheong KF, Wong WH. Pain on injection of rocuronium: influence of two doses of lidocaine pretreatment. Br J Anaesth. 2000 Jan;84(1):106-7. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bja.a013364. |