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This study aims to develop, implement, and evaluate an educational program-based intervention on the knowledge, attitude, and practice toward renal nutrition among dietitians working with chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients in public hospitals in Saudi Arabia. The study hypothesizes that there will be a significant improvement in the knowledge, attitude, and practice of renal nutrition among the dietitians in the intervention group compared to the control group after the implementation of the educational program. The findings will contribute to enhancing the ability of dietitians to provide effective nutritional care and support for CKD patients in Saudi Arabia.
A cluster randomized controlled trial will be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention on the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice in renal nutrition competencies among the dietitians. A total of 100 participants (50 participants for each group) will be select using simple random sampling.
The education intervention program will be developed based on the literature review of the guidelines for the nutritional management of CKD by looking into all evidence-based practice guidelines of renal medical nutrition therapy. The education intervention will include five weeks of in-person education sessions. The education intervention program will cover five lessons including nutrition assessment for CKD, malnutrition, macro- and micronutrients deficiencies in CKD, nutrition intervention and counselling skills. The education program will be delivered through lectures, workshops, brainstorming and case studies using materials such as PowerPoints, videos, cards, posters, booklets and activities. The program will be offered online via Zoom software, and the learners will have the materials to review at home. The program will be provided in close collaboration between the researcher and the hospital's nutrition department.
Data will be collected from four selected public hospitals in Jazan city, Saudi Arabia, by direct interview of the dietitians in the hospitals to determine the competency assessment on knowledge, attitude, and practice of renal nutrition. All respondents in the hospitals will be evaluated before the start of the program (baseline evaluation), after the final intervention session (post-intervention evaluation), and three months after intervention (three-month follow-up after intervention). Data will be analyzed by using the software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Education intervention program | Other | The intervention group will have an education intervention program which will cover five lessons including nutrition assessment for CKD, malnutrition, macro- and micronutrients deficiencies in CKD, nutrition intervention and counselling skills. The education program will be delivered through lectures, workshops, brainstorming and case studies using materials such as PowerPoints, videos, cards, posters, booklets and activities. The program will be offered online via Zoom software, and the learners will have the materials to review at home. The program will be provided in close collaboration between the researcher and the hospital's nutrition department. |
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| No Intervention: Control group | No Intervention | The control group will not have any intervention. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Education intervention | Other | Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Questionnaire (KAPQ) Regarding Renal Nutrition will be used to collect the data at baseline, after the intervention, and three months follow-up, which is adjusted for clustering. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Improved in Knowledge Regarding Renal Nutrition | A structured assessment designed to evaluate knowledge and perception of nutrition care including dietary guidelines, nutrient functions, and health benefits will be explored. The assessment consists of 25 questions, each aimed at gauging the respondents' understanding of various aspects of nutrition. Each question will have multiple-choice answers, with one correct answer and several distractors. The best answer will be coded as "1" and the wrong answer as "0". There will be a maximum score of 25 and a minimum of 0. | Timepoint 1 = Baseline. Timepoint 2 = After the intervention (one week post intervention). Timepoint 3 = three months follow-up ( 12 weeks) |
| Improved in Attitude Regarding Renal Nutrition | The assessment of attitudes regarding renal nutrition among dietitians will be conducted using a structured questionnaire based on a Likert scale. This approach allows for the quantification of attitudes related to renal diets, which is crucial for evaluating dietitians' perspectives and enhancing their counselling strategies. The proposed questionnaire will consist of 45 questions categorized into five Likert scale options: 1= Never, 2= Rarely, 3=Sometimes, 4 = Often, 5= Always. The scoring system for the questionnaire will range from a minimum score of 45 (if all responses are "Never") to a maximum score of 225 (if all responses are "Always"). | Timepoint 1 = Baseline. Timepoint 2 = After the intervention (one week post intervention). Timepoint 3 = three months follow-up ( 12 weeks) |
| Improved in Practice Regarding Renal Nutrition | This section involvoes 45 questions related to nutrition care practices. Each question has five possible answers: Never, Rarely, Sometimes, Often, and Always. The response options: Never (1 point), Rarely (2 points), Sometimes (3 points), Often (4 points) and Always (5 points). The total score can range from a minimum of 45 (if all responses are "Never") to a maximum of 225 (if all responses are "Always"). | Timepoint 1 = Baseline. Timepoint 2 = After the intervention (one week post intervention). Timepoint 3 = three months follow-up ( 12 weeks) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Universiti Putra Malaysia | Recruiting | Serdang | Selangor | 43300 | Malaysia |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D018479 | Early Intervention, Educational |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002662 | Child Health Services |
| D003153 | Community Health Services |
| D006296 | Health Services |
| D005159 | Health Care Facilities Workforce and Services |
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A cluster randomized controlled trial
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Single (Participants)
| D011314 | Preventive Health Services |