This study evaluates diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and photoacoustic imaging for differentiating healthy, benign, and malignant breast tissue by identifying their optical profiles.

Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancers among women worldwide. Current diagnostic modalities have notable limitations. Mammography exposes patients to harmful ionising radiation whilst MRI often requires intravenous contrast agents. Additionally, diagnosing breast cancer frequently relies on invasive biopsies, which can cause patient discomfort.

This study investigates the potential use of two optical modalities, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and photoacoustic imaging (PAI), as non-invasive diagnostic tools for breast tissue analysis. Advantages include use of non-ionising radiation, contrast-free imaging, and the ability to assess tissue properties in detail.

DRS is a non-image based hand-held modality that utilises white light to generate optical signals. PAI is a hybrid biomedical imaging modality that combines traditional ultrasound with optical imaging. The latter generates a functional image that can potentially assess oxygenation levels which is known to be different in healthy vs cancerous tissue.

The study will focus on analysing three types of human breast tissues: healthy tissue, benign lesions (such as fibroadenomas), and malignant lesions (invasive breast carcinomas). By identifying the unique optical signatures of each tissue type, the research aims to evaluate the feasibility of these optical techniques as complementary tool to traditional imaging methods for diagnosing or monitoring breast cancer in the future.

Inclusion Criteria:

• solitary malignant or benign biopsy verified tumour > 1 cm
• understands written and oral Swedish

Exclusion Criteria:

• previous breast surgery
• has received neoadjuvant chemotherapy
• skin burns in on the chest

The data used in this study contains sensitive information about the study participants and they did not provide consent for public data sharing. A minimal data set could, however, be shared by request from a qualified academic investigator for the sole purpose of replicating the present study, provided the data transfer is in agreement with EU legislation on the general data protection regulation and approval by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority.