Participants will be treated using the same device used in active stimulation groups, but the device will be turned off, thus providing a placebo effect. To maintain the placebo integrity, a pre-recorded sound mimicking the active device will be played during the session. Additionally, participants in the transcranial component will wear the machine's flap, similar to the TMS application, to further simulate the experience of active treatment. This method will ensure that the placebo control will be robust, allowing for accurate comparison with active treatments.

Participants in the Super Inductive (P) group will receivePeripheral Electromagnetic Stimulation (PES) following a Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) protocol. This protocol involved five cycles of stimulation at a frequency of 100 Hz, each lasting for 5 seconds, with a rest interval of 55 seconds between cycles. The total duration of the PES treatment will be approximately 10 minutes, as suggested by Lang et al. (2007) and Milanović et al. (2011) (Lang et al., 2007; Milanović et al., 2011). This stimulation aimes to enhance peripheral nerve activation and support recovery through localized neuromodulation.

Participants in the Transcranial (T) group will get Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) targeting at the primary motor cortex (M1). The protocol will be based on the findings of Dietmann et al. (2023) and Todd et al. (2003), consisting of the delivery of 2000 pulses of TMS over a minimum duration of 20 minutes (Dietmann et al., 2023; Todd et al., 2003). This intervention aimes to modulate cortical excitability, potentially enhancing muscle recovery through central nervous system adaptation.

After performing a high-intensity eccentric exercise session, participants will undergo a daily session of transcranial and/or peripheral magnetic stimulation for three days. The objective is to enhance nerve conduction, which, according to the latest theories on DOMS, may be the cause of decreased athletic performance

This tool is used to evaluate five core personality dimensions: neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness (Airagnes et al., 2021). The abbreviated version contains 10 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale, where 1 indicates "completely disagree" and 5 represents "completely agree." An example item from this questionnaire is, "I see myself as a person who gets nervous easily." This measure provided insight into the stable personality characteristics of the athletes and their potential impact on recovery and pain perception.Each item is rated on a Likert scale, typically ranging from 1 (Strongly Disagree) to 5 (Strongly Agree).

Scores for each trait are summed up separately, with higher scores indicating stronger presence of that personality trait.

To assess anxiety levels, the STAI will be used. Participants rated their responses on a 4-point Likert scale, where 1 means "not at all" and 4 means "very much," reflecting their state and trait anxiety. This measure allowed for an analysis of how anxiety levels might correlate with recovery outcomes and subjective pain experiences. It consists of 40 items, divided into two subscales:

STAI-S (State Anxiety, 20 items): Assesses temporary feelings of anxiety in a specific moment.

STAI-T (Trait Anxiety, 20 items): Measures a person's general tendency to experience anxiety over time.

Each item is rated on a 4-point Likert scale:

STAI-S: 1 (Not at all) to 4 (Very much so) STAI-T: 1 (Almost never) to 4 (Almost always) Scores range from 20 to 80 for each subscale, with higher scores indicating greater anxiety levels. The STAI is widely used in both clinical and research settings to assess anxiety in different populations.

The AAQ-II measures psychological inflexibility and experiential avoidance, which are critical in understanding how individuals cope with discomfort and stress (Carreira-Míguez et al., 2022). The 7-item questionnaire uses a 7-point Likert scale (0 = "never true" to 7 = "always true"), with higher scores indicating greater levels of psychological distress.The total score ranges from 7 to 49, with higher scores indicating greater experiential avoidance and psychological inflexibility, while lower scores reflect higher psychological flexibility. This scale is commonly used in clinical and research settings to evaluate mental health and intervention outcomes.