Patients in this group will receive conventional physiotherapy interventions, including treadmill training, balance training, strengthening and stretching lower limb muscles, for 45 minutes per session, 3 times weekly, for 4 weeks.

The Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC Scale) is a self-reported measure used to assess an individual's confidence in maintaining balance while performing various daily activities. The scale consists of 16 items, each asking the participant to rate their confidence (on a percentage scale from 0% to 100%) in performing specific tasks, such as walking, climbing stairs, or moving around the house, without losing balance or becoming unsteady. A higher score reflects greater confidence in balance, while lower scores indicate fear of falling or instability. The ABC Scale is widely used in clinical settings to evaluate balance confidence, identify fall risk, and track changes over time, especially in populations with balance and mobility impairments, such as those recovering from stroke or other neurological conditions.

The Fear of Falling Questionnaire (FoFQ) is a clinical tool used to assess an individual's fear of falling, which is often associated with decreased mobility, balance issues, and increased fall risk. It consists of several questions that explore the level of concern a person has about falling in various situations, such as walking in different environments or performing daily activities. The questionnaire typically uses a Likert scale to rate the intensity of fear, with higher scores indicating greater fear of falling. The FoFQ helps identify individuals at risk of avoiding activities due to fear of falling, which can lead to reduced physical function and further decline in mobility. It is widely used in rehabilitation and geriatric care to assess fear of falling, guide interventions, and monitor progress in patients with balance disorders or neurological conditions.

The Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI) is a clinical assessment tool used to measure mobility in individuals with neurological conditions, particularly those recovering from stroke or other brain injuries. It consists of 15 items that evaluate a range of mobility tasks, such as sitting, standing, walking, and transferring between different positions. Each task is scored on a scale from 0 to 15, with higher scores indicating greater mobility. The RMI is designed to assess both basic functional movements and more complex mobility tasks, making it suitable for tracking changes in functional ability over time. It is a reliable and valid measure widely used in rehabilitation settings to evaluate and monitor recovery progress, guide treatment plans, and predict outcomes in individuals with mobility impairments.

The Timed Up and Go (TUG) test is a simple and widely used clinical assessment tool to evaluate mobility, balance, and fall risk in individuals, particularly those with neurological conditions or the elderly. The test involves timing how long it takes a person to rise from a chair, walk 3 meters, turn around, walk back to the chair, and sit down again. The total time taken to complete the task is recorded, with longer times indicating poorer mobility and a higher risk of falling. The TUG is a quick, efficient, and reliable test that can be used to assess functional mobility in various clinical and rehabilitation settings, offering valuable insights into an individual's ability to perform basic mobility tasks independently.

The 10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT) is a widely used clinical measure to assess walking speed and gait function in individuals, particularly in those with neurological conditions or mobility impairments. The test involves timing how long it takes a person to walk a distance of 10 meters at their usual pace, and the walking speed is calculated by dividing the time taken by the distance. The 10MWT is a reliable indicator of mobility and can be used to assess walking performance, identify walking abnormalities, and evaluate improvements over time, making it especially useful in rehabilitation and clinical settings. Faster times generally indicate better functional mobility, while slower times may suggest gait difficulties or higher fall risk.

The 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) is a simple, reliable, and widely used outcome measure that assesses a person's walking endurance and functional capacity. During the test, participants are instructed to walk as far as possible over a 6-minute period on a flat, hard surface, typically a 30-meter or 50-foot corridor. The distance covered within the allotted time is recorded as the primary outcome. The 6MWT evaluates not only gait speed but also the individual's cardiovascular and muscular endurance, making it an important tool for assessing the overall functional mobility of individuals, particularly those with neurological or musculoskeletal disorders, such as stroke. It is commonly used to assess the effects of interventions like rehabilitation or exercise training on walking endurance, and can also be used to monitor progress or decline over time.