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Introduction: Dizziness is one of the most common complaints in medical practice and is associated with various underlying conditions, including neurological, otolaryngological, and psychological disorders. Preliminary imaging studies like CT, cervical spine X-rays, and carotid/vertebral artery ultrasound, aids in precise diagnosis and targeted therapeutic decisions. MRI is one of the most effective imaging modalities currently available for examining the brain.
Purpose: To identify structural brain changes linked to vertigo, explore pre-MRI diagnostic approaches, and evaluate treatment strategies.
Methods: The study included 232 patients with vertigo and 232 control subjects. MRI results were categorized, and pre-MRI examinations, symptoms, and treatments were analyzed. Statistical comparisons were conducted using chi-square and t-tests, with significance set at p<0.05.
Vertigo is a prevalent symptom with multiple underlying etiologies, including neurological, vascular, and musculoskeletal causes. Despite its high prevalence, the exact structural brain abnormalities associated with vertigo remain unclear. This observational study aims to assess brain MRI findings in patients with vertigo and compare them to a control group without vertigo symptoms. The study also evaluates pre-MRI diagnostic procedures, such as vertebral/carotid ultrasound and cervical spine X-rays, to identify potential vascular and musculoskeletal contributors to vertigo. The results may provide insights into the structural brain changes linked to vertigo and help refine diagnostic and treatment strategies.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vertigo Group | Participants in this group reported dizziness as a primary symptom and were referred for brain MRI to investigate potential structural abnormalities. Exclusion criteria included any pre-existing neurological disorders. The most common diagnoses after MRI included benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) and vertebrobasilar syndrome. |
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| Control Group | Participants in this group did not report dizziness or other neurological symptoms. They underwent brain MRI for other reasons but had no history of neurological disorders. This group served as a comparison to evaluate the prevalence of brain structural abnormalities in vertigo patients. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Observational Study - No intervention | Other | This is an observational study evaluating brain structural abnormalities in post-COVID headache patients. No experimental intervention is applied. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Occurrences With Specific Structural Brain Abnormalities Observed on MRI | Brain MRI findings were analyzed to compare the occurrences of structural abnormalities between vertigo patients and control participants. The most commonly assessed abnormalities included white matter lesions, lacunar infarcts, Circle of Willis variations, and sinusitis. The occurrences (number and percentage) of these findings in each group will be compared using chi-square tests. | From September 2020 to December 2022 |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Occurrences of associated symptoms in vertigo patients | The study evaluated the occurrences of associated symptoms, including headache, imbalance, visual disturbances, and psychological symptoms (anxiety and depression). Each symptom's occurrences (number and percentage) will be reported separately. | From September 2020 to December 2022 |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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The study population consisted of adult patients (≥18 years) with vertigo who were referred for brain MRI to investigate potential structural abnormalities. A control group of individuals without a history of vertigo or neurological disorders was included for comparison. Exclusion criteria included prior neurological diseases, recent head trauma, and MRI contraindications.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Klaudia Széphelyi | University of Pécs, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hungary | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Szent Margit Hospital | Budapest | 1032 | Hungary |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 41002934 | Derived | Szephelyi K, Kora S, Orsi G, Tollar J. Structural Brain Abnormalities, Diagnostic Approaches, and Treatment Strategies in Vertigo: A Case-Control Study. Neurol Int. 2025 Sep 10;17(9):146. doi: 10.3390/neurolint17090146. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014717 | Vertigo |
| D012852 | Sinusitis |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015837 | Vestibular Diseases |
| D007759 | Labyrinth Diseases |
| D004427 | Ear Diseases |
| D010038 | Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases |
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| Occurrences of pre-MRI diagnostic procedures in vertigo patients |
The study assessed the occurrences of patients with vertigo undergoing pre-MRI diagnostic procedures, including carotid/vertebral ultrasound and cervical spine X-rays. Each procedure's occurrences (number and percentage) will be reported separately. |
| From September 2020 to December 2022 |
| Occurrences of post-MRI diagnoses in vertigo patients | The study analyzed the most common diagnoses after MRI, including vestibular migraine, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), and vascular dizziness. Each diagnosis's occurrences (number and percentage) will be reported separately. | From September 2020 to December 2022 |
| Occurrences of treatment strategies applied | The study evaluated the most frequent treatment strategies, including physical therapy, pharmacological treatment (e.g., betahistine), and lifestyle modifications. Each treatment's occurrences (number and percentage) will be reported separately. | From September 2020 to December 2022 |
| D009461 |
| Neurologic Manifestations |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D012141 | Respiratory Tract Infections |
| D007239 | Infections |
| D010254 | Paranasal Sinus Diseases |
| D009668 | Nose Diseases |
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |