At the end of the surgery, while the patient was still intubated and in the prone position, the linear probe of a Samsung HM70 EVO ultrasound device was placed sagittally, approximately 2-3 cm lateral to the spinal cord. After identifying the erector spinae muscle and transverse processes, a 22-G, 10-mm block needle (Braun Stimuplex Ultra 360, Germany) was advanced posterior to the transverse process after reaching the bone structure. The location of the needle tip was then confirmed, 0.25% bupivacaine (20mL) was injected intermittently, and separation of the erector spinae muscle from the transverse process was observed. The procedure was applied bilaterally (22 patients)

In Group W, a dose of 0.5% bupivacaine (20 ml) was injected for wound infiltration into the surgery site. (24 patients)

ESPB group received US-guided plane block, WI group received local anaesthetic wound infiltration

Postoperative pain assessment was conducted in the recovery unit using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) with a scale of 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain imaginable). Standard postoperative intravenous analgesia included 75 mg of diclofenac sodium administered every 8 hours. In cases where NRS was ≥4, rescue analgesia was provided with 100 mg of intravenous tramadol. Anesthesia duration, surgical duration, NRS scores at postoperative 1 hour, 3 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours, time to first analgesic, and total analgesic requirement in the first 24 hours were recorded. All side effects (hypotension, bradycardia, etc.) were documented.