we aimed to ascertain the effect of intermittent fasting (IF) vs. high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the lipid profile and waist circumference (WC) of obese individuals.

Subjects and Methods: This study included 40 obese individuals of both genders aged 35-50 years with an abnormal lipid profile. The patients were allocated at random to either Group A or B, with both groups receiving medical treatment. Group A followed the IF regime, while Group B performed HIIT on the treadmill three times weekly, with an intervention duration of six weeks for both groups. Body mass index (BMI), WC, levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), alongside the Framingham risk score (FRS) were the evaluated variables.

Inclusion Criteria:

Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) A BMI of 30 -40 kg/m2; (2) abnormal lipid profile, with a TC level > 200 mg/dL, an LDL > 100 mg/dL, a TC level > 150 mg/dL, and an HDL < 40 mg/dL; (3) steady vital signs, including blood pressure, respiration rate, and temperature at a baseline level.

Exclusion Criteria:

• The exclusion criteria included patients with the following medical conditions: cancer, unstable angina, uncontrolled cardiac rhythm, decompensated heart failure, persistent systolic blood pressure > 200 mmHg, persistent diastolic blood pressure > 120 mmHg, acute pericarditis or myocarditis, severe restrictive lung disease, chronic chest infection, severe obstructive lung disease, pregnant women, neurological disorders that affect balance and mentality (e.g., epilepsy), orthopedic or neurological problems that interfere with exercises, unstable endocrinal disorders, congenital or acquired lower limb deformity, kidney disease, infectious disease, immune disease, hearing impairment or mental disorder, uncontrolled T2DM.