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The goal of this pilot randomized clinical trial is to test the efficacy of an intervention combining virtual reality and hypnosis on decreasing pain and improving quality of life in elderly patients with hand arthritis. The main questions it aims to answer are:
Participants in the intervention group will be provided a virtual reality headset allowing them to beneficiate from the virtual reality and hypnosis modules.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Combined virtual reality and hypnosis | Experimental | The intervention consist in 4 different sessions with the VR headset, two consisting in presenting landscapes (i.e., beach, forest) and two consisting in hypnosis techniques (i.e., magic hand, manipulating hand). |
|
| Waiting list | No Intervention | The control group consist in a waiting list. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Virtual reality: Beach | Behavioral | Session 1 or 2 (counterbalanced): Exposure to a beach landscape |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Perceived pain | Brief Pain Inventory - Short Form (BPI-SF) ; 9 items ; Scores from 0 to 10 ; scores are computed into mean score ; higher scores mean higher levels of pain (negative outcome) | Intervention group: Two times per week (before and after each session)/Control group: One time per week, For all: from enrollment to the end of intervention at 6 weeks and at a 3 weeks follow-up |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Anxiodepressive symptoms | Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) ; 14 items: 7 items for anxiety, 7 items for depression ; Lickert scale from 0 to 3 ; a mean score is computed for each subscale (anxiety, depression) ; Minimum score for each scale: 0 ; Maximum score for each scale: 21 ; Higher scores mean worst symptomatology (negative outcome) | Intervention group: Two times per week (before and after each session)/Control group: One time per week, For all: from enrollment to the end of intervention at 6 weeks and at a 3 weeks follow-up |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Respiratory frequence | Will be calculated with the XDCF module in BIOPAC MP200-WS (Biopac Systems, Goleta, CA) ; A higher respiratory frequence is a negative outcome as it indicates higher levels of anxiety and lower levels of relaxation. | One time per week, from enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks, during the whole hypnosis session (for Intervention group) or during 15 minutes where the subject is not engaging in any task (for Control group) |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Valentyn Fournier, Ph.D. | Contact | 438-738-0627 | valentyn.fournier.cemtl@ssss.gouv.qc.ca | |
| David Ogez, Ph.D. | Contact | 514-609-4391 | david.ogez@umontreal.ca |
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| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 41047257 | Derived | Fournier V, Simard MF, Yuen SY, Guine J, Rousseaux F, Lebeau J, Jerbi K, Richebe P, Landry M, Rainville P, Ogez D. Combining virtual reality and hypnosis to alleviate chronic pain in elderly with hand arthritis: protocol for a randomised phase II clinical trial. BMJ Open. 2025 Oct 5;15(10):e103841. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2025-103841. |
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All IPD that underlie results in a publication will be shared in a dedicated OSF repository.
Supporting information will be available from the definitive publication of results.
All IPD that underlie results in a publication will be shared in a dedicated OSF repository.
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| Virtual Reality: Forest | Behavioral | Session 1 or 2 (counterbalanced): Exposure to a forest landscape |
|
| Hypnosis: Magic Hand | Behavioral | Session 3 or 4 (counterbalanced): Exposure to a hypnosis technique: the magic hand |
|
| Hypnosis: Pain Manipulation | Behavioral | Session 3 or 4 (counterbalanced): Exposure to a hypnosis technique: manipulating the pain |
|
| Session 1bis - 1 week | Behavioral | Repetition of the Session 1 one week after Session 4 |
|
| Follow-up | Behavioral | Repetition of the Session 1 three weeks after Session 4 |
|
| Quality of life | Short-Form Health Survey 12 items (SF-12) ; includes 12 items measuring 8 dimensions (physical functioning, role limitations due to physical health problems, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, role limitations due to emotional problems, and mental health) ; the physical (PCS-12) and mental (MCS-12) scales are transformed to have a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10 in the general U.S. population ; participants' scores represent the difference compared to the population average (measured in standard deviations) ; scores above 50 indicate a better-than-average health-related quality of life (positive outcome), while scores below 50 suggest below-average health-related quality of life (negative outcome). | Intervention group: Two times per week (before and after each session)/Control group: One time per week, For all: from enrollment to the end of intervention at 6 weeks and at a 3 weeks follow-up |
| Fatigue | Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory - 10 Items (MFI-10) ; 10 items measuring 5 dimensions (general fatigue, physical fatigue, mental fatigue, reduction in activity and reduction in motivation) ; the Lickert scale ranges from 1 to 5 ; the answer on the scale represents the score of each individual item which is then added up to a sum for each dimension ; scores per dimension can vary between 4 and 20 ; higher scores indicate higher fatigue levels (negative outcome) | From enrollment, each week during 6 weeks, Intervention group: Two times per week (before and after each session) |
| Relaxation | Relaxation State Questionnaire (RSQ) ; 10 items ; Lickert scales from 1 to 5 ; scores are computed into a mean score; higher scores indicate higher levels of relaxation (positive outcome) | From enrollment, each week during 6 weeks, Intervention group: Two times per week (before and after each session) |
| Perceived changes | Three free items evaluating perceived change in pain, anxiodepressive symptoms, and quality of life ; Lickert scale ranging from 1 to 10 ; higher scores indicate greater perceived changes (positive outcome) | From Session 2, each week during 5 weeks, Intervention group: Two times per week (before and after each session) |
| Cybersickness | Cybersickness questionnaire ; 16 items including 2 subscales (nausea and oculomotor); Lickert scale ranging from 0 to 3 ; scores for each subscale are summed to give final scores ; higher scores indicate higher levels of cybersickness (negative outcome) | From enrollment, each week during 6 weeks, Intervention group: One time per week (after each session) |
| Heart rate | Will be calculated with module RSP & ECG Bionomadix (Amplificator RPEC-R) in BIOPAC MP200-WS (Biopac Systems, Goleta, CA) ; A higher heart rate is a negative outcome as it indicates higher levels of anxiety and lower levels of relaxation | One time per week, from enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks, during the whole hypnosis session (for Intervention group) or during 15 minutes where the subject is not engaging in any task (for Control group) |
| Electrodermal activity | Will be calculated with module EDA Bionomadix in BIOPAC MP200-WS (Biopac Systems, Goleta, CA) ; A higher electrodermal activity is a negative outcome as it indicates higher levels of anxiety and lower levels of relaxation | One time per week, from enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks, during the whole hypnosis session (for Intervention group) or during 15 minutes where the subject is not engaging in any task (for Control group) |
| Heart rate variability | Will be calculated with module EDA Bionomadix in BIOPAC MP200-WS (Biopac Systems, Goleta, CA) ; A higher heart rate variability is a positive outcome as it indicates lower levels of anxiety and higher levels of relaxation | One time per week, from enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks, during the whole hypnosis session (for Intervention group) or during 15 minutes where the subject is not engaging in any task (for Control group) |
| Prescribed treatment with level 1 or 2 analgesics (self-reported) | Daily frequency intake of prescribed analgesics reported by the patient | The measure will be taken at 3 timepoints: once at enrollment, once at Week 4, and once during the Follow-up session 9 weeks after the enrollment |
| Prescribed treatment with level 1 or 2 analgesics (medical record) | Daily frequency intake of prescribed analgesics reported by the patient's medical record (dose written on their prescription) | The measure will be taken at 3 timepoints: once at enrollment, once at Week 4, and once during the Follow-up session 9 weeks after the enrollment |
| Prescribed treatment with level 1 or 2 anxiolytics (self-reported) | Daily frequency intake of prescribed anxiolytics reported by the patient | The measure will be taken at 3 timepoints: once at enrollment, once at Week 4, and once during the Follow-up session 9 weeks after the enrollment |
| Patient demand for medical prescription | Patient demand for medical prescription (requested dose/intake frequency) retrieved in medical record | The measure will be taken at 3 timepoints: once at enrollment, once at Week 4, and once during the Follow-up session 9 weeks after the enrollment |
| Clinical consultations for pain | Frequency of clinical consultations for pain | The measure will be taken at 3 timepoints: once at enrollment, once at Week 4, and once during the Follow-up session 9 weeks after the enrollment |
| Prescribed treatment with level 1 or 2 antidepressants (medical record) | Daily frequency intake of prescribed antidepressants reported by the patient's medical record (dose written on their prescription) | The measure will be taken at 3 timepoints: once at enrollment, once at Week 4, and once during the Follow-up session 9 weeks after the enrollment |
| Prescribed treatment with level 1 or 2 antidepressants (self-reported) | Daily frequency intake of prescribed antidepressants reported by the patient | The measure will be taken at 3 timepoints: once at enrollment, once at Week 4, and once during the Follow-up session 9 weeks after the enrollment |
| Prescribed treatment with level 1 or 2 anxiolytics (medical record) | Daily frequency intake of prescribed anxiolytics reported by the patient's medical record (dose written on their prescription) | The measure will be taken at 3 timepoints: once at enrollment, once at Week 4, and once during the Follow-up session 9 weeks after the enrollment |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001168 | Arthritis |
| D010003 | Osteoarthritis |
| D001172 | Arthritis, Rheumatoid |
| D010146 | Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007592 | Joint Diseases |
| D009140 | Musculoskeletal Diseases |
| D012216 | Rheumatic Diseases |
| D003240 | Connective Tissue Diseases |
| D017437 | Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases |
| D001327 | Autoimmune Diseases |
| D007154 | Immune System Diseases |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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