Irrigation was performed with a 30 G navitip needle and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). A total of 11 mL of NaOCl was used in each root canal, 2 mL after coronal preparation, 2 mL after middle third preparation, 2 mL after apical third preparation and 5 mL in the final irrigation. After irrigation with NaOCl, each root canal was irrigated with 2 mL saline, 2 mL 17% EDTA and finally all canals were irrigated with a total of 20 mL of normal saline for 5 minutes.

Irrigation was performed with a 30 G navitip needle and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). A total of 11 mL of NaOCl was used in each root canal, 2 mL after coronal preparation, 2 mL after middle third preparation, 2 mL after apical third preparation and 5 mL in the final irrigation. After irrigation with NaOCl, each root canal was irrigated with 2 mL saline, 2 mL 17% EDTA and finally all canals were irrigated with a total of 20 mL of cold (2 °C) saline for 5 minutes.

Irrigation was performed with a 30 G navitip needle and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). A total of 11 mL of NaOCl was used in each root canal, 2 mL after coronal preparation, 2 mL after middle third preparation, 2 mL after apical third preparation and 5 mL in the final irrigation. After irrigation with NaOCl, each root canal was irrigated with 2 mL saline, 2 mL 17% EDTA, 2 mL saline and 1 mL dexamethasone.

The root canals were irrigated with 2 °C saline solution in final irrigation in cryotherapy group.

The visual analog scale for pain is a straight line with one end meaning no pain (0) and the other end meaning the worst pain (10) imaginable. A patient marks a point on the line that matches the amount of pain he or she feels. It may be used to help choose the right dose of pain medicine. Also called VAS.