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The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the disease subtype affects the presence of chronic pain and pain perception threshold in pediatric patients followed up with the diagnosis of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, and to evaluate the factors that may be related to pain perception threshold in disease subtypes.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Predominantly Inattentive | Patients diagnosed with inattentive subtype of attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity according to DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. |
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| Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive | Patients diagnosed with hyperactive-impulsive subtype of attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity according to DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. |
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| Inattentive and Hyperactive-Impulsive Combination | Patients diagnosed with mix subtype of attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity according to DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pain perception threshold | Other | The patients' pressure pain threshold will be evaluated with a manual pressure algometer (Baseline Dolorimtre®).The patients' pain perception thresholds will be measured bilaterally in the midfrontal region, the midpoint of the trapezius muscle, the lateral epicondyle, the midpoint of the web between the 1st and 2nd fingers, the greater trochanter, and the medial crease of the knee. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| pressure pain threshold | The pressure pain threshold will be assessed with a manual pressure algometer (Baseline Dolorimtre®). The patients' pain perception thresholds will be measured bilaterally in the midfrontal region, the midpoint of the trapezius muscle, the lateral epicondyle, the midpoint of the web between the 1st and 2nd fingers, the greater trochanter, and the medial crease of the knee. During the measurement, the 1.52 cm2 flat circular probe of the algometer will be placed on the relevant area and the pressure will be increased by 1 kg/second. Patients will be asked to express their pain by saying 'stop' or raising their hands when they feel slight discomfort. The value for each reference area will be obtained by calculating the arithmetic mean of the paired measurements. | Baseline |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Presence of chronic pain | It will be questioned whether there has been continuous pain in any part of the body for at least 3 months. | Baseline |
| Pain score | The patients' pain score will be evaluated with the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). A 10 cm long horizontal straight line will be used in the NRS evaluation. Before the evaluation, the patient will be informed that a value of 0 represents no pain and a value of 10 represents the most severe pain felt to date. Patients will be asked to answer by considering the average of their pain over the last 3 days. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Patients will be selected from among those who apply to Edirne Sultan 1. Murat State Hospital Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Diseases polyclinic.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| İbrahim Tiryaki, MD | Sultan 1. Murat State Hospital | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sultan 1. Murat State Hospital | Edirne | 22030 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
If requested, the data of the study will be shared by the researchers.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001289 | Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D019958 | Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders |
| D065886 | Neurodevelopmental Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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| Baseline |
| Duration of chronic pain | The duration of pain that has continued for at least 3 months in any part of the body will be questioned. | Baseline |
| Sociodemographic data of patient | gender, age, height, weight, age of onset of complaints, duration of medication use, number of siblings, primary caregiver | Baseline |
| Sociodemographic data of patient's parents | Age, occupation, education level and psychiatric disease history of mother and father | Baseline |