The interventions include:

• Education for self-management
• Personalised exercise program

Usual care

Education program performed online including information, recommendations and guidance for promoting self-management

Individual's knowledge, skills and confidence to managing one's own health. is a non-disease-specific tool and can be used across different patient populations. The PAM-13 consists of 13 items on a 4-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 2 = disagree, 3 = agree, 4 = strongly agree). Item scores are summed up to a raw sum score resulting in theoretical values between 13 and 52, which are then transformed to a standardized metric ranging from 0 to 100. Higher scores indicate a greater patient activation. PAM-13 scores can then be categorized into four stages of activation, corresponding to the difficulty of the PAM-13 items: level 1 (patients believe active role is important; items 1-2), level 2 (patients have confidence and knowledge to take action; items 3-8), level 3 (taking action; items 9-11) and level 4 (staying on course under stress; items 12-13).

Measure for self-care self-efficacy for chronic illness. This 10-item instrument measures self-efficacy related to self-care maintenance, monitoring, and management in patients with chronic illness. Each item is rated on a '1-5' rating scale, with a higher score representing a higher level of self-efficacy. Scale scores are standardized mathematically to range from 0-100.

Quality of life related to dimensions of mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression.

Each dimension is described by three possible levels of problems (no, mild to moderate and severe). Hence, this descriptive system contains three or 243 combinations, or health states. For each of these combinations, one can assign healthstate utility indices (or ''preference weights'') which are based on different value sets.