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Most of the time, body weight is evaluated by looking at the ratio of your weight to your height. This measurement is called body mass index or BMI. However, BMI does not account for what your body is actually made up of (e.g., body fat versus muscle), which may be more important for determining cardiovascular disease risk. The investigators aim to understand vascular health in females with a "healthy" BMI with differing amounts of body fat and muscle mass. We will have participants come to the lab for two different study visits. At one visit, participants will eat a meal high in fat, and at the other visit, participants will undergo a stress task.
The investigators will recruit females with a BMI in the normal (18.5-24.9 kg/m2) from the Ball State University campus and surrounding communities. Each participant will complete a meal trial and a stress trial in a randomized crossover design. At the meal trial, an intravenous catheter will be inserted and baseline blood sample collected. Then vascular measurements (i.e., flow-mediated dilation, pulse wave analysis, pulse wave velocity) will be performed. Each time vascular measurements are performed, the participants will lie in a quiet area to acclimate prior to beginning. Next, participants will consume a high-fat, Western style meal consisting of two Jimmy Deans Breakfast Bowls (sausage; 68 g fat; 880 kcal). Following completion of the meal, blood samples will also be collected 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours after the meal. Vascular measurements will be repeated 2 and 4 hours after the meal. Blood will be collected and stored as serum in order to measure triglycerides, HDL-C, and intestinal permeability (e.g., lipopolysaccharide binding protein) using commercially available ELISAs.
At the stress trial, an intravenous catheter will be inserted and baseline blood sample collected. Then vascular measurements (i.e., flow-mediated dilation, pulse wave analysis, pulse wave velocity) will be performed. Each time vascular measurements are performed, the participants will lie in a quiet area to acclimate prior to beginning. Next, participants will undergo the stress task. Then, blood samples will be collected at 10, 60, and 90 minutes after the stress task. Blood will be collected and stored as serum in order to measure epinephrine and inflammatory markers. Vascular measurements will also be repeated 10 and 90 minutes after the stress task.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| High-fat meal trial | Experimental | During the "High-fat meal trial", participants will report fasted and consume two Jimmy Dean's breakfast bowls. |
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| Stress trial | Experimental | During the "Stress trial", participants will report fasted and undergo a stress task where they may experience mental stress. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| high-fat meal | Other | Participants will report fasted and consume two Jimmy Dean breakfast bowls (sausage). |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Flow-mediated dilation | The investigators will measure FMD at baseline, 2-hours, and 4-hours after meal trial. The investigators will measure FMD at baseline, post-stress task, and 90-minutes after the stress task. | Through study completion, up to 1 year. |
| Pulse wave analysis | The investigators will measure PWA (i.e., augmentation index, augmentation index normalized to a heart rate of 75bpm, aortic/peripheral blood pressure) at baseline, 2-hours, and 4-hours after meal trial using Sphygmacor Xcel System. The investigators will measure PWA at baseline, post-stress task, and 90-minutes after the stress task. | Through study completion, up to 1 year. |
| Pulse wave velocity | The investigators will measure PWV at baseline, 2-hours, and 4-hours after meal trial using the Sphygmacor Xcel System. The investigators will measure PWV at baseline, post-stress task, and 90-minutes after the stress task. | Through study completion, up to 1 year. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) | The investigators will measure HDL-C at baseline and 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours after the meal. Serum will be banked from each visit and this measurement will take place upon study completion. | Through study completion, up to 1 year. |
| Serum triglycerides |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Body composition | The investigators will measure body composition using dual energy x ray absorptiometry (DXA). | Through study completion, up to 1 year. |
| Systolic and diastolic blood pressure | The investigators will measure blood pressure using an automated cuff (Omron). |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bryant H Keirns, PhD | Contact | 7652858356 | bryant.keirns@bsu.edu |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ball State University- Nutrition Assessment Lab | Recruiting | Muncie | Indiana | 47303 | United States |
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We are studying human physiology of cardiovascular health in females with a normal BMI. We will not be using any drug interventions. Instead, participants will eat a high-fat meal at one visit and complete a stress task at the other visit. Vascular responses will be assessed.
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| Stress | Other | Participants will report fasted and undergo a mental stress task. |
The investigators will measure triglycerides at baseline and 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours after the meal. Serum will be banked from each visit and this measurement will take place upon study completion. |
| Through study completion, up to 1 year. |
| Serum soluble CD14 (sCD14) | The investigators will measure serum sCD14 at baseline and 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-hours after the meal. Serum will be banked from each visit and this measurement will take place upon study completion. | Through study completion, up to 1 year. |
| Serum lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) | The investigators will measure serum LBP at baseline and 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-hours after the meal. Serum will be banked from each visit and this measurement will take place upon study completion. | Through study completion, up to 1 year. |
| Serum epinephrine | The investigators will measure serum epinephrine at baseline and 10-, 60- and 90-minutes after the stress task. Serum will be banked from each visit and this measurement will take place upon study completion. | Through study completion, up to 1 year. |
| Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) | The investigators will measure serum IL-6 at baseline and 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-hours after the meal and 10, 60, and 90 minutes after the stress task. Serum will be banked from each visit and this measurement will take place upon study completion. | Through study completion, up to 1 year. |
| Heart rate variability (HRV) | The investigator will analyze HRV pre-, during, and post-stress task during the stress trial (Task Force Monitor). | Through study completion, up to 1 year. |
| Beat-to-beat systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP) | The investigator will analyze SBP/DBP pre, during, and post-stress task during the stress trial (Task Force Monitor). | Through study completion, up to 1 year. |
| Through study completion, up to 1 year. |