Participants diagnosed with chronic non-specific low back pain will undergo a structured dynamic neuromuscular stabilization (DNS) exercise program. The intervention will be conducted twice a week, with each session lasting 45 minutes, over a period of 8 weeks. The program will focus on improving motor control, spinal stability, and neuromuscular coordination through DNS principles.

Participants in this group will receive conventional physiotherapy, including basic exercises such as stretching, strengthening, and posture training. The intervention will be conducted twice a week, with each session lasting 45 minutes, over a period of 8 weeks.

Dynamic neuromuscular stabilization exercises, on the other hand, are designed to achieve sagittal stabilization by utilizing the stabilizing function of the thoracic diaphragm muscle.

The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) will be used to measure pain intensity by having participants mark their perceived level of pain on a 10-centimeter line ranging from 'no pain' to 'worst pain imaginable. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain ranges from a minimum of 0 to a maximum of 10, with higher scores indicating greater pain intensity.

The New York Posture Analysis is a validated and systematic tool used to evaluate postural alignment and deviations. This method involves visual inspection and scoring of key postural elements, including head, shoulders, spine, pelvis, and lower extremities, in both anterior-posterior and lateral views. Each segment is assessed for alignment and assigned a score based on observed deviations. The total score reflects the overall postural status, with higher scores indicating better postural alignment. This measure will be used to assess changes in posture pre- and post-intervention. The New York Posture Rating Scale scores range from a minimum of 0 to a maximum of 36, with higher scores indicating better posture.

he Oswestry Disability Index is a self-reported questionnaire designed to assess how low back pain affects an individual's ability to perform daily activities. The index consists of 10 sections, each addressing a specific domain: pain intensity, personal care, lifting, walking, sitting, standing, sleeping, sexual life, traveling, and social life. Each section includes six response options scored from 0 (no disability) to 5 (maximum disability). The total score ranges from 0 to 50 points, with higher scores indicating greater levels of disability.