This study aims to evaluate the methodology and parameters of perioperative respiratory support (RS) and the frequency of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) in the Russian Federation. The study will analyze respiratory support strategies, equipment availability, and their correlation with PPC outcomes in surgical patients.

Globally, around 230 million surgical procedures requiring general anesthesia and mechanical ventilation are performed annually. Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) significantly impact clinical outcomes, increasing morbidity and hospitalization duration. Cohort studies have reported a 20-30% risk of PPCs in patients undergoing general anesthesia. Protective ventilation strategies, including low tidal volumes (6-8 mL/kg predicted body weight) and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), have shown to reduce PPCs. However, high tidal volumes (10-15 mL/kg) remain prevalent in routine practice.

The "RuVent-A" study will collect data on respiratory support methodologies, initial ventilation parameters, types of surgical interventions, and associated PPC rates in the Russian Federation. This observational study will analyze patient and equipment data across participating centers without altering routine clinical practices.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients aged ≥18 years undergoing surgical procedures with general anesthesia and respiratory support.

Exclusion Criteria:

• No

The study population will include adult patients (aged ≥18 years) undergoing surgical procedures under general anesthesia with respiratory support in participating medical centers across the Russian Federation. The study will focus on a wide range of surgical specialties, including but not limited to general surgery, orthopedics, neurosurgery, vascular surgery, and thoracic surgery.

Patients with various comorbidities (e.g., obesity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, smoking, sleep apnea) that may influence respiratory support strategies will be included to provide a comprehensive assessment of perioperative respiratory management and its outcomes.

No specific exclusion criteria will be applied, allowing for the inclusion of a diverse and representative cohort of surgical patients.

Individual Participant Data (IPD) Sharing Statement

Individual participant data (IPD) will not be shared due to the following reasons:

Privacy and Confidentiality: The study involves sensitive patient data, and ensuring patient confidentiality is a top priority. Although the data will be anonymized, sharing IPD could still pose risks of re-identification.

Regulatory and Ethical Considerations: Sharing IPD may not comply with local regulations and ethical guidelines governing patient data use in the Russian Federation.

Study Scope: The primary objective of this study is to analyze aggregated data to inform clinical practices rather than to enable secondary analyses or external collaborations.