Effectiveness of the Z-Track Technique As a Pain-Reducing Strategy for Neonates During Intramuscular Injection: a Randomized Controlled Trial

Effectiveness of the Z-Track Technique As a Pain-Reducing Strategy for Neonates During Intramuscular Injection: a Randomized Controlled Trial

A quantitative study, true experimental, posttest-only design has been used for the current study. one intervention (the Z-track technique) and one control group involved in the study. The primary outcome measure is the Neonatal/Infant Pain Scale to be used immediately after intramuscular injections to measure the pain level among neonates.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Neonates delivered through cesarean section
• Apgar score of 8 or more
• Weight between 2500 - 3500 grams
• neonates receiving IM injections
• Males / females
• term neonates between 37th and 42nd week of gestation

Exclusion Criteria:

• Congenital anomalies
• neonates who received intramuscular injection such as the Hepatitis B vaccine
• Low birth weight
• Preterms
• Neural tube defects
• neonates who are of normal vaginal delivery