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A quantitative study, true experimental, posttest-only design has been used for the current study. one intervention (the Z-track technique) and one control group involved in the study. The primary outcome measure is the Neonatal/Infant Pain Scale to be used immediately after intramuscular injections to measure the pain level among neonates.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Z-track technique | Active Comparator | To perform the zeta-track technique: In this method, the neonates are in supine position, the skin is moved and held from the injection site 2 to 3 cm to the side or downward using the non- dominant hand, to ensure that blood vessel wasn't penetrated aspiration on the syringe must perceive the injection and then the medication is to be injected slowly. Researcher assistant that is unaware of the injection method performs the recording of the pain intensity and leakage diameter on the observation form. |
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| Control group | No Intervention | the neonates receive the intramuscular injection using the conventional method and protocol used in the postnatal ward without any interventions |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Z-track technique | Other | In this method, the neonates are in supine position, the skin is moved and held from the injection site 2 to 3 cm to the side or downward using the non- dominant hand, to ensure that blood vessel wasn't penetrated aspiration on the syringe must perceive the injection and then the medication is to be injected slowly. Researcher assistant that is unaware of the injection method performs the recording of the pain intensity and leakage diameter on the observation form. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Neonatal/ Infant Pain Scale | A scale developed specifically for newborn infants. Consists of 6 criterion (Face Expression, cry, Patterns of Breathing, leg and arm movements, Arousal status) Recommended for children less than 1 year old. | from the process of enrollment at the post-natal ward until the IM injection is administered (usually takes less than 1 hour) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feminine and Children Educational Hospital | Samawah | Muthanna Governorate | 66001 | Iraq |
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A randomized control trial with one intervention and one control group. post-test only
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|
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010146 | Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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