participants >60 years with Dementia diagnosed by DSM-5 criteria

participants >60 years with Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) diagnosed by DSM-5 criteria

euthymic healthy community dwelling adult participants of various socioeconomic and educational status.

The ASCA, developed at Ain Shams University, is a comprehensive tool designed for cognitive assessment in Egyptian population. It encompasses various tests to assess cognitive functions and cultural understanding. These include the Verbal Paired Associated Test, evaluating verbal learning, distractor interval, delayed recall, and word recognition. The Bender Gestalt assesses visual-motor skills and memory. Short-term and working memory are tested through Digit Forward and Digit Backward Span Length tasks. Set Shifting is measured using a modified Trail Making Test, adapted for illiterates. Additionally, tests for letter/lexical fluency, verbal fluency, language object naming, abstraction, and judgment offer further insights into cognitive abilities and cultural interpretation.

obtain cut-off scores for diagnosing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia using the Ain Shams Cognitive Assessment