Laughter yoga

No intervention

Laughter yoga was applied to the experimental group for 4 weeks, 2 days a week, for 8 sessions (each session duration is 30-45 minutes on average). Patients were asked to measure and record their blood glucose value before breakfast. The yoga session was started 30 minutes after breakfast, and after the session was completed, they were asked to measure and record their blood glucose value again at 120 minutes after breakfast.

Blood glucose follow-up charts were given to the patients and they were informed about the measurement times. In this study, the blood glucose measurement of the patients was before breakfast and after the sessions (after breakfast in the control group). Postprandial blood glucose (2-hour postprandial) was performed twice. Measurements were measured from fingertips by enzyme colorimetric assay using a blood glucose meter by the individuals themselves.

Patients were asked to measure and record their blood glucose level before breakfast. The yoga session was started 30 minutes after breakfast, and after the session was completed, they were asked to measure and record their blood glucose level again at 120 minutes after breakfast.

'The Brief Disease Perception Scale (B-IPQ)' was used to evaluate how diabetic patients perceive the disease. During the data collection process, the scale was applied to the patients in both groups and pre-test data were collected. One month later, the scale was applied again and the change in disease perceptions was evaluated.

The Brief Disease Perception Scale (B-IPQ) The Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ), developed by Broadbent and colleagues, examines how individuals perceive their illness. It comprises nine items. Each item investigates a different aspect of illness perception. Respondents are asked to rate each item on a scale from 0 to 10. The Turkish version of the B-IPQ was validated and deemed reliable by Karataş and others in 2017.Scores between 0 and 80 can be obtained from the scale. As the disease perception score increases, the level of being affected by the disease and the level of seeing the disease as worrying also increases.

The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) was used to evaluate the stress perceived by diabetic patients. During the data collection process, the scale was applied to patients in both groups and pre-test data were collected. One month later, the scale was applied again and the change in perceived stress was evaluated.

The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) was developed by Cohen, Kamarck, and Mermelstein. The Turkish validation and reliability of the scale was conducted by Eskin and colleagues. This tool includes 14 questions that assess individuals' perception of stress in various scenarios in their life. Using a five-point Likert scale, responses range from 0 (never) to 4 (very often). Scores between 0-56 can be obtained from the scale. There is no cut-off point in the scale, and an increase in the score indicates that the stress perception of the individual is high.