Despite the growing interest in these alternative drilling protocols, there is a lack of robust clinical evidence evaluating their long-term effects on MBL. The aim of the present study was therefore, to evaluate the effect of implant site preparation technique (conventional drilling versus simplfied) on change in the marginal bone level and insertion torque.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients without any systemic pathologies that could be considered grounds for absolute contraindication.
• Adult patients who agreed to participate in the study and signed the informed consent form.
• Patients who smoked fewer than ten cigarettes per day.
• Patients who were not completely edentulous.
• Patients who were partially edentulous in the posterior maxillary or mandibular area and did not require the use of regenerative techniques.
• Patients with an area of healed, mature bone at least three months post-extraction.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients missing teeth in the esthetic zones 13-23 and 33-43 (second and fifth sextants).
• Patients who smoked more than ten cigarettes per day.
• Patients with a bleeding index greater than 30%.
• Patients with dental caries or periodontal disease.
• Pregnant or lactating women.