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| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| CHEUNGPuiYu | Other Identifier | Hong Kong PolyU |
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Improper subcutaneous administration of LMWH may cause complications at the injection site. Standardized protocol for subcutaneous LMWH injections in patient with cardiovascular diseases is warranted to ensure consistent best practices in clinical settings.
This study examines the effect of standardized protocol in reducing complications for patients with cardiovascular disease.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Active Control | Active Comparator | The control group participants will receive the usual practice of subcutaneous LMWH injection administered by nurses. |
|
| Standardized injection protocol | Experimental | The intervention group participants will receive standardized LMWH injection administered by nurses. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active Control | Other | Patients in the control group will receive the usual practice of subcutaneous LMWH injection administered by nurses. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Bruising | The bruising diameter will be measured by a ruler and the incidence of bruising will be recorded. | 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours |
| Pain | Patients' pain levels are assessed using the Verbal Descriptor Scale: 'severe pain,' 'moderate pain,' 'mild pain,' and 'no pain.' 'Severe pain' indicates the worst outcome, followed by 'moderate pain,' then 'mild pain,' with 'no pain' representing the best outcome. | Immediately after injection, 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Patient Experience | a Patient Experience Surveys to evaluate their perceived nurse's attitude | Immediately after receiving the injection |
| Communicative Competence | Communicative Competence Scale consists of 36 items across five dimensions (General Competence, Empathy Affiliation/Support, Behavioural Flexibility, and Social Relaxation), using a 5-point Likert scales ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree (coded from 1 to 5). Higher the score means worse the outcome. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frankie CHEUNG | Contact | 852 2766 7991 | frankie.py.cheung@polyu.edu.hk | |
| Arkers Wong | Contact | 852 3400 3805 | arkers.wong@polyu.edu.hk |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Arkers Wong | The Hong Kong Polytechnic University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hospital Authority, Hong Kong | Recruiting | Hong Kong | 00000 | Hong Kong |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
| D003288 | Contusions |
| D010146 | Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014949 | Wounds, Nonpenetrating |
| D014947 | Wounds and Injuries |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
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Double-blinded, two-armed, clustered randomized controlled trial.
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The administrative staff, who will be responsible for data collection, will be masked for the group allocation during the whole process. The patients will be masked for the intervention purpose.
| Standardized injection protocol | Other | Nurses administer LMWH according to the standardized evidence-based protocol. |
|
| Immediately before and after injection |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |