The purpose of this study is to find out if overactive bladder (OAB) can be safely treated by stimulating a nerve near the ankle. This procedure is called percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS). It will be done by a device called the Urgent PC. The Urgent PC works by sending weak electrical signals through a thin needle to the nerve near the ankle. Stimulating this nerve may change bladder control.

This study is a single-arm, open label, prospective, multicenter study of 50 participants aged 5-21 years with OAB. Participants will undergo outpatient PTNS sessions per routine clinical care using Urgent PC once weekly for 12 weeks. Patients, parents and clinicians will not be blinded to treatment or assessments during the study.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age 5-21 years old (inclusive)
2. Obtained legally effective informed consent and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) authorization from the participant or the participant's parent/legal guardian/legally authorized representative (LAR)
3. Minor participant is willing and able to provide assent (as applicable)
4. History of primary or secondary non-neurogenic OAB as defined by a VDES score of ≥11 and a positive modified bother score within 30 days of consent
5. Has previously tried and failed standard urotherapy and at least one anticholinergic or beta-3 adrenergic agonist
6. Adequate fluid intake for age as reported by participant or parent/legal guardian/LAR
7. Micturition frequency of at least 8 times (mean)/day for at least 4 weeks prior to enrollment
8. At least 1 daytime incontinence episode (mean)/day for at least 4 weeks prior to enrollment
9. If on allowed treatment for OAB, stable dose for at least 30 days prior to screening and willingness to continue that dose for the duration of the study

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Known or apparent untreated anatomical abnormality of the lower urinary tract (e.g., untreated ureterocele)
2. Known neurogenic bladder (e.g., spina bifida, history of spinal cord injury, tethered cord)
3. Presence of local skin lesions (e.g., rash, skin infections) on the medial surfaces of both ankles at the time of consent
4. Metal implants in the medial ankle area
5. Pacemakers or implantable defibrillators
6. History of excessive bleeding
7. Nerve damage that may impact the percutaneous tibial nerve or pelvic floor function
8. History of chemodenervation of the bladder (e.g., via intravesical instillation or intradetrusor injection of botulinum toxin)
9. Known current, untreated UTI
10. Current or previous pregnancy at screening or planned pregnancy during the duration of the study, for females of childbearing potential
11. Any condition that, in the judgment of the investigator or treating clinician, precludes participation because it could affect participant safety
12. Previous treatment with this device or participation in this study or in any other study for the treatment of OAB
13. High-grade vesicoureteral reflux (grades 4-5)
14. Diagnosed diabetes insipidus (pituitary, nephrogenic, or acquired)
15. Stage 4-5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) (since device may further disrupt or exacerbate abnormal urine flow)
16. Significant post-void residual defined as >60 mL
17. Initiation of or change of OAB treatment during screening or the duration of the study.

All data collected is uploaded into the National Institute of Health Data Repository (DASH) at the end of the study (de-identified).

Data will be uploaded to the repository within 2 years of study completion. It will be maintained in the repository indefinitely.

In order to have access, researchers have to complete a Data access request. NICHD will review the request and either approve or deny it. IRB approval must be obtained by the researcher to access the data. https://dash.nichd.nih.gov/Resource/DataRequestChecklist