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The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if an internet-delivered CBT protocol for social anxiety in adults (PORTiSOFIE) is effective in Portugal. It will also learn about the impact that PORTiSOFIE may have on relationship dimensions of these individuals. The main questions it aims to answer are:
Does PORTiSOFIE is effective? What impact PORTiSOFIE has in relationship dimensions?
Participants will:
Be assigned to experimental group and receive intervention briefly after screening is complete; Or control group and only receive intervention after the experimental group finishes.
Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is a common condition that affects intrapersonal (e.g., distress and impairment) and interpersonal functioning (e.g., difficulties in amorous relationships). People with SAD tend to have difficulties in communicating feelings with partners and report lower levels of relationship and sexual satisfaction. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for SAD has been found to redcuce symptoms of social anxiety, but less is known about its impact on relationship functioning. Internet-based CBT (iCBT) has gained attention for its primary advantage bridging distances and saving time for the patient. In the planned study the investigators aim to translate and culturally adapt an iCBT program for social anxiety for use in Portugal (PORTiSOFIE) and measure the effects of the program on social anxiety symptoms. The project will also study the impact on relationship satisfaction and other relevant outcomes. The investigators will conduct a randomized controlled trial and divide participants in a two-arm study with parallel groups (i.e., intervention group and wait-list group). Participants will answer questionnaires to assess social anxiety symptoms and relationship outcomes at pre-treatment, posttreatment and 6-month follow up. Participants partner's will also be asked to complete questionnaires on the same periods of time, but only regarding relationship outcomes. iCBT for SAD in adults has not yet been tested in Portugal and overall there is a gap in the literature regarding the role of partners in iCBT for SAD. The study will contribute to increase accessibility to therapy (and better mental health) by promoting online evidence-based therapies. Plus, it will help to better understand how relationship components are affected and affect clinical symptoms and their progression within receiving treatment.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention Group | Experimental | Participants will have access to the treatment (PORTiSOFIE). They will have a logg in for entering the platform and acess the modules, and the measures that need to be filled throughout the study. |
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| Attention Group | Other | The control group will not receive the intervention while the experimental group goes through the protocol. Instead, they will have a weekly checkup with the therapists via the platform to monitor how they are feeling. After the experimental group finishes the intervention, if the PORTiSOFIE demonstrates preliminary indicators of effectiveness, investigators will offer it to the attention group. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PORTiSOFIE | Behavioral | This treatment is based on the Clark and Wells model of social phobia, and it is constituted by 9 modules:
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale for Adults (LSAS) | It has 24 items, responded in a 4-point scale. Each item is rated regarding anxiety and avoidance, and so the total score of the scale ranges between 0 and 144, with higher scores indicating higher levels of social anxiety (i.e., below 40 - no discomfort; 40-55 - Mild social discomfort; 55-65 - Moderate social phobia; 65-80 - Marked social phobia; 80-95 - Severe social phobia; Above 95 - Very severe social phobia). | through study completion, an average of 1 year |
| Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) | Is composed by three subscales: fear, avoidance, and physical discomfort. There are 17 items in total (16 in the Portuguese version), assessing the symptoms of the previous. The scale is responded on a 4-point scale, and total score is between zero and 68, with higher scores indicating higher levels of social anxiety. | through study completion, an average of 1 year |
| Global Measure of Relationship Satisfaction (GMREL) | Is constituted by 5 items responded in a 7-point Likert scale. Scores range between 5 (low relationship satisfaction) and 35 (high relationship satisfaction). | through study completion, an average of 1 year |
| Global Measure of Sexual Satisfaction (GMSEX) | It has 5 items responded in a 7-point Likert scale, with total scores ranging from 5 to 25, with higher values indicating greater sexual satisfaction. | through study completion, an average of 1 year |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale (RDAS) | 3 subscales: consensus, satisfaction, cohesion. It is a 14-item measure, that asks people to rate aspects of the relationship on a 5 or 6 point scale. Total scores range between zero and 69, with higher values indicating greater adjustment. | through study completion, an average of 1 year |
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Inclusion Criteria for participants:
Inclusion Criteria for partners:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Edna M Martins | Contact | +351918792199 | edna.martins@ulusofona.pt |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Universidade Lusófona | Lisbon | Portugal |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 41199378 | Derived | Martins EM, Pascoal PM, Pereira M, Andersson G. Internet-based therapy for social anxiety in adults in Portugal (PORTiSOFIE) and its impact on sexual and relationship satisfaction: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2025 Nov 6;26(1):476. doi: 10.1186/s13063-025-09103-2. |
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Investigators plan to share anonymized data on request
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009948 | Orgasm |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012725 | Sexual Behavior |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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|
| Inclusion of Other in the Self Scale (IOS) |
A single-item pictorial measure, that measures how close the respondent feels with another person (in this case the amorous partner). |
| through study completion, an average of 1 year |
| Difficulties in Interpersonal Emotion Regulation (DIRE) | It has two subscales: venting and reassurance-seeking, constituted by a total of 24 items. Three hypothetic situations are presented, and for each one, the respondent must indicate how the situation is perceived on a scale from 0 (not at all distress) to 100 (extremely distressed). Then, for each of the scenarios, is asked the likelihood (i.e., 4-point Likert scale) of responding in 7 different presented ways. Higher scores indicate higher levels of difficulties in Interpersonal emotion regulation strategies. | through study completion, an average of 1 year |
| Personal Assessment of Intimacy in Relationships (PAIR) | is constituted by 36 items, responded in a 5-point Likert scale (from 1 "strongly disagree" to 5 "strongly agree"), with 18 items being reversed scored, so that higher values correspond to higher levels of intimacy. For the present study, only the communication subscale with 10 items will be used. | through study completion, an average of 1 year |