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Consuming a carbohydrate-rich food as the final food in a meal, as compared to the first food in a meal, has been shown to reduce blood glucose levels after eating in both diabetes patients and in healthy controls. However, gaps remain in the literature in this area of research, and currently little is known about how substrate (fuel) use is impacted by altering food order. In addition, most studies to date have used a mix of meat and plant foods, while little research has focused exclusively on vegetarian foods. This randomized experiment will examine how altering the order of foods eaten in a vegetarian meal impacts blood glucose and fuel utilization at rest.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carbohydrate-first meal | Experimental |
| |
| Carbohydrate-last meal | Experimental |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbohydrate-first meal | Other | Rice eaten first (150 grams), followed by edamame (150 grams) and butter (10 grams) |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Respiratory exchange ratio | Ratio of carbon dioxide production and oxygen consumption for determination of fuel use | 90 minutes (baseline/premeal and at 30, 60, and 90 minutes postmeal) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Fat use | Fat utilization will be estimated from respiratory gas exchange | 90 minutes (baseline/premeal and at 30, 60, and 90 minutes postmeal) |
| Carbohydrate use | Carbohydrate utilization will be estimated from respiratory gas exchange |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patrick Wilson, PhD | Contact | 757-683-4783 | pbwilson@odu.edu |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Old Dominion University Human Performance Laboratory | Recruiting | Norfolk | Virginia | 23529 | United States |
De-identified IPD will be shared as supplementary material associated with the published peer-reviewed publication or through a publicly available repository (depending on the journal's preference).
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Data will become available once the associated article is officially published. The data will be made available indefinitely.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
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| Carbohydrate-last meal | Other | Edamame (150 grams) and butter (10 grams) eaten first, followed by rice (150 grams) |
|
| 90 minutes (baseline/premeal and at 30, 60, and 90 minutes postmeal) |
| Blood glucose | Blood glucose will be measured with fingerstick samples and a portable glucometer | 90 minutes (baseline/premeal and 30, 60, and 90 minutes postmeal) |
| Hunger-satiety perceptions | Hunger, appetite, satiety, and fullness on a 0-10 Likert scale | 90 minutes (baseline/premeal and 30, 60, and 90 minutes postmeal) |