The goal of this clinical trial is to test whether or not adults use a substitution heuristic when reasoning about proportions. The main question it aims to answer is:

Do adults use a substitution heuristic when judging non-symbolic proportions, leading them to answer an easier, yet incorrect question?

Researchers will compare performance at baseline with one of two conditions in order to see if forced behavioral changes can change performance on the task.

Participants will be asked to compare two images and judge which has the higher proportion of the target color. Each participant will also be assigned to one of two condition where they either receive a further incentive for correct selections or are required to use more time when making their calculations.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Typically developing people within the target age range

Exclusion Criteria:

• Individuals with known developmental or cognitive disorders
• Participants must speak/read sufficient English to read and complete the informed consent document

All de-identified participant responses to all measures, as well as de-identified demographics (e.g., age, gender) will be made publicly available on a data repository.

Beginning when the results are published (if not earlier) with no planned end date.

De-identified data will be publicly available under a creative commons license only requesting attribution.