Spray Cryotherapy for the Management of Benign Central Airway Stenosis (Cryo-BAS)

Spray Cryotherapy for the Management of Benign Central Airway Stenosis (Cryo-BAS): A Randomized Controlled Trial

The goal of this clinical trial is to compare spray cryotherapy plus balloon dilatation versus current standard of Care (SoC - steroid injection, radial cuts and balloon dilatation) in patients with benign airway stenosis with simple stenosis. The main question[s] investigators aim to answer are:

1. What is the need for reintervention and time to reintervention in participants with benign airway stenosis with simple stenosis who receive spray cryotherapy plus balloon dilatation versus standard of care alone?
2. To evaluate patient experience, physiological, anatomical changes, health care utilization and safety of the SCT plus balloon dilatation versus standard of care alone.

Researchers will compare spray cryotherapy plus balloon dilatation versus current standard of Care (SoC - steroid injection, radial cuts and balloon dilatation) in patients with benign airway stenosis with simple stenosis to see if it reduces the need of re intervention.

Participants will surgery and receive one of the two interventions.

Investigators propose a single center, single-blinded (patient), randomized 1:1 trial comparing SCT plus Balloon dilatation (experimental group) vs SoC alone (control group). Investigators aim to recruit 50 patients.

Study will span 2-year duration with 1 year recruitment. Follow up at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months. The patient's airway will be either a laryngeal mask airway or a rigid bronchoscopy for passive venting and gas egress.

Inclusion Criteria:

• 1. Patients with symptomatic, benign, simple stenosis of the trachea and/or subglottic space.
• 2. Stenotic airway of diameter < 1cm.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Complex stenosis, cartilage involvement (malacia or fracture).
2. Patients with giant bullae (> a third of hemithorax) or bullae >3cm.
3. Concurrent tracheoesophageal fistula, active tracheal malignancy.
4. Presence of concomitant upper airway obstruction.
5. Pregnancy