In this arm, Tidal Model-based approaches will not be applied during home visits to COPD patients. No psychosocial interventions were provided to patients, and standard care was maintained.

In this arm, Tidal Model-based psychosocial interventions will be applied during home visits to COPD patients.

The model emphasizes long-term developmental care, extending support from hospital to home after discharge. This approach equips individuals with skills to understand and address challenges, emphasizing therapeutic interventions and sustained support through professionals or community groups. By focusing on the "chaos" and "tide" concepts of the Tidal Model, psychosocial interventions aim to enhance independence, manage symptoms, and improve quality of life.

In this arm, Tidal Model-based approaches will be applied during home visits to COPD patients. Within the scope of the intervention, psychosocial needs of patients will be assessed, individualized care plans will be created and symptom management and independence will be promoted by focusing on the "chaos" and "tide" concepts of the Tidal Model.

The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale was developed by Tennant and colleagues (2007) to measure the mental well-being levels of individuals in the United Kingdom. Encompassing both 'psychological well-being' and 'subjective well-being', the scale consists of 14 positive items. Higher scores on the scale indicate higher levels of mental well-being. The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale Short Form (WEMWBS-SF) is a 7-item scale using a 5-point Likert scale (1=Never, 5=Always) and is composed of positive statements. This study opted for the short form. Participants were asked to consider their experiences over the past two weeks when completing the scale. The 7 items in the WEMWBS-SF are more closely related to functioning than to emotions. The validity and reliability of the WEMWBS-SF were examined in a sampl

The World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) is a 26-item abbreviated version of the 100-item World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL), designed to evaluate an individual's perception of their quality of life. The scale is composed of four domains: general health, physical health, social relationships, and environment. The Turkish adaptation of the WHOQOL-BREF was conducted by Eser et al. (1999). The scale does not have a fixed total score; rather, an increase in score indicates an improvement in perceived quality of life.

Originally developed in Germany in 1979 by Jerusalem and Schwarzer, the scale initially consisted of 20 items. In 1981, the same researchers revised the scale, reducing it to 10 items. In subsequent years, this four-point Likert-type scale (completely false = 1, completely true = 4) has been translated into numerous languages, and its validity and reliability have been extensively studied. Kaiser-Guttman eigenvalue and scree plot analyses have consistently indicated a single-factor solution across different countries. Subsequently, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to test both one-factor and two-factor models. The results of confirmatory factor analysis supported the assumption of a single-factor structure. All items on the scale are positively scored, with a possible range of 10 to 40 points, and higher scores indicate higher levels of general self-efficacy. The Turkish adaptation and validation of the scale were conducted by Apay (2010).