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Respiratory polygraphy (RP) can be used to detect obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children (OSA) , but it underestimates the obstructive apnea-hypopnea index (OAHI) because hypopneas associated with cortical arousals are not evaluated. To compensate for this disadvantage, hypopneas linked with autonomic micro-arousals can be calculated from the drop in pulse wave amplitude (obtained dy oximetry), as increased respiratory efforts are related to autonomic nervous system activation, tachycardia, and elevated blood pressure.
The aim of this study is to compare OAHI obtained by RP alone or by RP considering hypopneas associated with autonomic micro-arousals with OAHI by polysomnography (PSG).
The diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children (OSA) requires to perform a polysomnography (PSG) in hospitalization with video surveillance and monitoring by a nurse to put the sensors back on the child if necessary. PSG gives the obstructive apnea-hypopnea index (OAHI) necessary for the diagnosis of OSA and to determine its severity. But PSG is difficult to perform in children, with several sensors and electrodes to install.
Respiratory polygraphy (RP) which uses only respiratory signals (without the neurophysiological signals ) can be used for the diagnosis of OSA but it underestimates OAHI because the hypopneas associated with cortical micro-arousals are not taken into account. An alternative to overcome this disadvantage is to determine the presence of autonomic micro-arousals because the increase in respiratory efforts during sleep is associated with activation of the autonomic nervous system and cardiovascular effects, such as tachycardia and an increase in blood pressure. Consequently, these respiratory efforts are associated either with autonomic activation or with cortical micro-arousal. One method to determine autonomic micro-arousals is photo-plethysmography which reflects sympathetic activation. Photoplethysmography is obtained by oximetry signal and is a non-invasive technique based on measuring the relative absorption by the blood of red light and infrared light through the finger. The pulsation of arterial blood flow through the finger arteries modulates light absorption and generates a pulse wave signal.
Autonomic micro-arousals will be calculated according to 3 algorithms: reduction of 1) 30%; 2) 40%; 3) 50% of the photoplethysmography signal compared to the baseline and the hypopneas associated with these decreases will be taken into account in the calculation of the OAHI. Consequently, 3 OAHI will be obtained by RP including hypopneas associated with autonomic micro-arousals.
The aim of this study is to compare OAHI obtained by RP considering hypopneas associated with autonomic micro-arousals with OAHI by PSG.
The hypothesis of this study is that RP by adding hypopneas associated with autonomic micro-arousals can identify OSA in children.
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Polysomnography in routine care | Diagnostic Test | Children performed a polysomnography in routine clinical care |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| OAHI in RP including hypopneas associated with autonomic micro-arousals correlated with OAHI by PSG | Value of OAHI in RP including hypopneas associated with autonomic micro-arousals obtained by 3 algorithms (3 values of OAHI) correlated with OAHI by PSG | A single night |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Diagnostic ability of RP including hypopneas associated with autonomic micro-arousals (obtained by the 3 algorithms) to diagnose OSA reported to PSG | Sensitivity and specificity of the OAHI obtained by RP including hypopneas associated with autonomic micro-arousals to identify OSA in children | A single night |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Children aged 2 to 19 years adressed for a PSG in routine clinical care for suspicion of OSA by th ear-nose-throat physician, pediatric pulmonologist, sleep specialist, endocrtinologist, genetician
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University Hospital of Nancy | Nancy | 54000 | France |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 12853006 | Result | Grote L, Zou D, Kraiczi H, Hedner J. Finger plethysmography--a method for monitoring finger blood flow during sleep disordered breathing. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2003 Jul 16;136(2-3):141-52. doi: 10.1016/s1569-9048(03)00090-9. | |
| 15875228 | Result | Haba-Rubio J, Darbellay G, Herrmann FR, Frey JG, Fernandes A, Vesin JM, Thiran JP, Tschopp JM. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: effect of respiratory events and arousal on pulse wave amplitude measured by photoplethysmography in NREM sleep. Sleep Breath. 2005 Jun;9(2):73-81. doi: 10.1007/s11325-005-0017-y. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020181 | Sleep Apnea, Obstructive |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012891 | Sleep Apnea Syndromes |
| D001049 | Apnea |
| D012120 | Respiration Disorders |
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D017286 | Polysomnography |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008991 | Monitoring, Physiologic |
| D019937 | Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures |
| D003933 | Diagnosis |
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| Diagnostic ability of RP including hypopneas associated with autonomic micro-arousals (obtained by the 3 algorithms) to diagnose moderate-severe OSA reported to PSG |
Sensitivity and specificity of the OAHI obtained by RP including hypopneas associated with autonomic micro-arousals to identify moderate-severe OSA in children |
| A single night |
| Determine the best of the 3 algorithms that better correlates with OAHI by PSG | Comparison between the 3 correlation coefficients obtained from the correlation between value of OAHI in RP including hypopneas associated with autonomic micro-arousals obtained by 3 algorithms (3 values of OAHI) and OAHI by PSG | A single night |
| D020919 |
| Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic |
| D020920 | Dyssomnias |
| D012893 | Sleep Wake Disorders |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |