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| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| PID2020-115609RB-C22 | Other Grant/Funding Number | MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND INNOVATION OF SPAIN |
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This study investigates the potential to modify movement-evoked pain in individuals with chronic low back pain (LBP) by manipulating visual proprioceptive feedback through virtual reality (VR). Fifty patients with non-specific chronic LBP are planned to participate. Participants perform lumbar spine flexions until pain onset under three conditions: accurate visual feedback (control), feedback showing 20% less movement (F-), and feedback showing 20% more movement (F+). Lumbar range of motion (ROM) is measured using a 3-space Fastrack motion analysis system. The study also explores whether individuals with higher pain levels, kinesiophobia, or catastrophising are more susceptible to VR feedback manipulation. Pain thresholds, pain intensity, kinesiophobia, and catastrophising levels are assessed.
This study investigates the potential to modify movement-evoked pain in individuals with chronic low back pain (LBP) by manipulating visual proprioceptive feedback through virtual reality (VR). The research aims to explore how altering the perception of movement through VR can influence pain experiences and motor behavior. A total of 50 patients with non-specific chronic LBP are planned to participate.
Participants will perform lumbar spine flexion movements until the onset of pain under three experimental conditions: (1) accurate visual feedback, without virtual reality (control); (2) underestimated movement feedback (F-), where the VR displays 20% less movement than performed; and (3) overestimated movement feedback (F+), where the VR shows 20% more movement than actually executed. These conditions are designed to evaluate how changes in visual feedback impact pain perception and range of motion (ROM).
Lumbar ROM will be objectively measured using a 3-space Fastrack motion analysis system to ensure precise tracking of movement. The study also seeks to identify whether individuals with higher levels of pain, kinesiophobia (fear of movement), or catastrophising (an exaggerated negative mindset about pain) are more susceptible to VR feedback manipulation.
Various psychological and physical metrics will be assessed using validated tools, including pain thresholds, pain intensity, kinesiophobia, and catastrophising levels. This comprehensive approach aims to identify patient subgroups who may benefit most from VR-based interventions and to shed light on the mechanisms by which altered visual feedback modifies pain perception and motor behavior in chronic LBP.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| NORMAL CONDITION | The normal condition is measured as a lumbar flexion without VR until the onset of pain. |
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| UNDERSTATED CONDITION | It involves an illusion with virtual reality where the patients perform a lumbar flexion until the onset of pain and they feel a 20% less movement in the VR (understated visual feedback) |
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| OVERSTATED CONDITION | It involves an illusion with virtual reality where the patients perform a lumbar flexion until the onset of pain and they feel a 20% more movement in the VR (understated visual feedback) |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal condition | Other | The normal condition IS measured as a lumbar extension without VR until the onset of pain. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| MOVEMENT EVOKED PAIN THRESHOLD | The maximum lumbar ROM without pain was measured in each condition using a 3-Space Fastrack motion analysis system. | Baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately post-intervention (at 50 minutes) |
| Pain Interference and Pain Intensity | The Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) is a pain assessment tool designed to measure pain intensity and interference with daily functioning in patients with low back pain | Baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately post-intervention (at 50 minutes) |
| Fear of movement | We will use the reliable and validated Spanish version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), which consists of 11 independent phrases rated on a 4-point scale (1 = totally disagree to 4 = totally agree). Higher scores indicate higher levels of fear of movement. | Baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately post-intervention (at 50 minutes) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Catastrophizing | The validated Spanish version of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) will be applied, which has demonstrated internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and sensitivity to change. The PCS comprises 13 items rated on a 5-point scale from 0 (never) to 4 (always) that measure 3 components of catastrophising: rumination, magnification, and helplessness. Higher scores indicate greater pain-related catastrophising. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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chronic low back pain
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arnau de Vilanova Hospital | Valencia | 46015 | Spain |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 25691362 | Result | Harvie DS, Broecker M, Smith RT, Meulders A, Madden VJ, Moseley GL. Bogus visual feedback alters onset of movement-evoked pain in people with neck pain. Psychol Sci. 2015 Apr;26(4):385-92. doi: 10.1177/0956797614563339. Epub 2015 Feb 17. | |
| 40537791 | Derived | Jordan-Lopez J, Arguisuelas MD, Domenech J, Penalver-Barrios ML, Miragall M, Herrero R, Banos RM, Amer-Cuenca JJ, Lison JF. Modifying lumbar flexion pain thresholds in patients with chronic low back pain through visual-proprioceptive manipulation with virtual reality: a cross-sectional study. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2025 Jun 19;22(1):138. doi: 10.1186/s12984-025-01664-2. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007088 | Illusions |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010468 | Perceptual Disorders |
| D019954 | Neurobehavioral Manifestations |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
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| Understated condition | Other | It involves an illusion with virtual reality where the patients perform a lumbar flexion until the onset of pain and they feel a 20% less movement in the VR (understated visual feedback) |
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| OVERSTATED CONDITION | Other | It involves an illusion with virtual reality where the patients perform a lumbar flexion until the onset of pain and they feel a 20% more movement in the VR (understated visual feedback) |
|
| Baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately post-intervention (at 50 minutes) |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |