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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| INSERM UMR U1075 Comète GIP Cyceron, unicaen, Caen Normandie | UNKNOWN |
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Psychological factors play a critical role in recovery following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. While tools such as the ACL - Return to Sport after Injury (ACL-RSI) focus on psychological readiness, emphasizing fear, hesitation, and apprehension, the opposite spectrum-overconfidence and risk-taking behaviors-remains underexplored. These behaviors can lead to premature return to high-risk activities and an increased likelihood of re-injury.
To address this gap, we propose the development and validation of the RISE-ACL scale for assessing Risk-taking Intention and Sport Engagement after ACL reconstruction. This scale will assess key factors such as patients' willingness to engage in high-impact activities, their adherence to medical guidance, and their perceived readiness to resume sports despite potential physical or psychological limitations.
The RISE-ACL Scale will complement existing tools like the ACL-RSI by focusing on overconfidence and risk-taking, offering clinicians a more balanced perspective on psychological recovery. Validation of the scale will involve testing its validity, reliability and clinical utility to ensure accurate identification of at-risk individuals.
By providing actionable insights, the RISE-ACL Scale will help enhance post-operative care, promote safer return-to-play decisions, and optimize long-term outcomes through a comprehensive assessment of psychological and behavioral factors.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Group of experts in the field of ACL reconstruction surgery and follow-up | Experimental | A group of 11 experts in the field of ACL reconstruction, each with a minimum of five years of experience and at least 100 patients managed, will collaborate to select the items to be included in the RISE-ACL scale for assessing Risk-taking Intention and Sport Engagement after ACL reconstruction. |
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| ACL - reconstruction group, scale validation | Experimental | 162 patients who have undergone ACL reconstruction within the past two years and are currently in the 'Return to Sport' process, with follow-up in the sports medicine department, will complete the RISE-ACL scale for assessing Risk-taking Intention and Sport Engagement after ACL reconstruction. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RISE-ACL development | Behavioral | A meeting will be organized with all expert panel members to select relevant items. Before the meeting, experts will review a literature on ACL reconstruction return to sport processes. During round 1, the chairperson will ask panel members to suggest items to be included in the scale. Items with agreement from 5 or more members will be included in round 2. In round 2, redundant items will be identified and grouped, and new items will be added based on the literature and expert experience. Selected items will be randomly ordered to create a preliminary 6-level Likert scale (0 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree). |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The RISE-ACL scale for assessing Risk-taking Intention and Sport Engagement after ACL reconstruction. | The RISE-ACL Scale will measure patients' risk-taking tendencies, overconfidence in their recovery, and willingness to resume sports despite physical or psychological limitations. The number and nature of the items will be defined during the development phase. The scale will be scored on a Likert scale ranging from 0 to 3, with 0 representing "strongly disagree" and 3 representing "strongly agree." | One measurement during one visit at 4 to 24 months after surgery |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| ACL-RSI questionnaire (Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Return to Sport after Injury) | The ACL-RSI measures the patient's understanding of his knee. It comprises 12 questions with a score of 1 to 10 for each | One measurement during one visit at 4 to 24 months after surgery |
| Individual - age |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CHU Caen Normandy | Caen | Basse-Normandie | 14000 | France |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 41421604 | Derived | Labrousse A, Reboursiere E, Remilly M, Roulland R, Mergenthaler G, Hulet C, Drigny J. Development and validation of a scale to assess risk-taking intentions during return to sport following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J ISAKOS. 2026 Apr;17:101052. doi: 10.1016/j.jisako.2025.101052. Epub 2025 Dec 19. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000070598 | Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries |
| D012309 | Risk-Taking |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007718 | Knee Injuries |
| D007869 | Leg Injuries |
| D014947 | Wounds and Injuries |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| RISE-ACL scale validation | Behavioral | The scale validation phase will involve 162 participants who have undergone ACL reconstruction within the past two years and are in the 'Return to Sport' process, with follow-up in the sports medicine department. These participants will complete the final version of the RISE-ACL Scale in addition with the ACL-RSI scale and the IKDC Subjective Knee Form. Validation will consist of testing face validity, construct validity, criterion validity (concurrent validity), and reliability, including internal consistency and test-retest reliability. |
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Personal characteristics recorded in the medical report as age |
| One measurement during one visit at 4 to 24 months after surgery |
| Strength | Measurement of knee extensors and flexors peak strength (in newton.meter, Nm) on isokinetic dynamometer, part of the current Return-to-sport process | One measurement during one visit at 4 to 24 months after surgery |
| Surgery characteristics | Surgery characteristics recorded in the medical report as the type of surgery, | One measurement during one visit at 4 to 24 months after surgery |
| IKDC Subjective Knee Evaluation | The IKDC Subjective Knee Evaluation Form is scored by summing the individual item scores and converting the total to a scale of 0 to 100. Higher scores reflect better function and fewer symptoms, with the final score indicating overall knee function. | One measurement during one visit at 4 to 24 months after surgery |
| RISE-ACL scale for assessing Risk-taking Intention and Sport Engagement after ACL reconstruction for test-retest reliability | A smaller sample of 28 participants will complete the scale twice, with a 5-day interval, to test its reproducibility. Scoring and minimum-maximum values will be defined at the development stage | Two measurements at a 5-day interval |
| Individual characteristics - gender | Personal characteristics recorded in the medical report as gender | One measurement during one visit at 4 to 24 months after surgery |
| Individual characteristics - sport | Personal characteristics recorded in the medical report as type of sport with sport level of practice | One measurement during one visit at 4 to 24 months after surgery |
| Individual characteristics - return to sport | Personal characteristics recorded in the medical report as return to sport after the surgery | One measurement during one visit at 4 to 24 months after surgery |