This is a prospective study of expression profiling-based assessment of the efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age ≥18 years, male or infertile female
• Patients with rectal adenocarcinoma diagnosed by colonoscopic biopsy
• Neoadjuvant therapy according to guideline recommendations
• Endoscopic biopsy with access to biopsy tissue for subsequent RNA-seq testing
• Patients who do not have a combination of primary malignant tumors elsewhere.
• Patients who understand the purpose of the trial, participate voluntarily and sign an informed consent form.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Samples are not collected, stored, or processed in accordance with specified requirements
• Sample does not meet the requirements for subsequent RNA-seq testing
• Cases enrolled with a subsequent diagnosis other than rectal adenocarcinoma.
• The patient refuses or is unable to complete the entire neoadjuvant treatment
• Lack of post-neoadjuvant imaging results and lack of routine postoperative pathology results.
• Other patients who, in the judgment of the investigator, do not meet the enrollment requirements

Rectal cancer patients intended for neoadjuvant therapy