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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| University of Bern | OTHER |
| Roche Diagnostics GmbH | INDUSTRY |
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The goal of this observational study is to validate the use of less invasive samples (saliva, orobuccal or nasal swabs) than nasopharyngeal swab for testing common and clinically relevant respiratory viruses in children and adults presenting to an emergency departements with symptoms compatible with respiratory tract infection. The main question it aims to answer is:
- Is the precision of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for Influenzavirus A or B, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and Rhinovirus, on saliva, orobuccal swabs and nasal swabs comparable to the gold standard nasopharyngeal swab in a pediatric and adult population presenting with symptoms compatible with respiratory tract infection.
Among participants the following samples will be collected (nasopharyngeal swab is standard of care and not part of the study samples):
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Study sample | There is only one group in this study |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RT-PCR in different respiratory tract samples | Diagnostic Test | RT-PCR on saliva, orrobuccal swab and nasal swab will be performed. Nasopharyngeal swab will be performed independently of the study as standard of care. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Sensitivity of RT-PCR for Influenzavirus A or B, RSV and Rhinovirus, on orobuccal or nasal swab and saliva compared to nasopharyngeal swab. | At baseline | |
| Specificity of RT-PCR for Influenzavirus A or B, RSV and Rhinovirus, on orobuccal or nasal swab and saliva compared to nasopharyngeal swab. | At baseline |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the detection of Influenza A/B, RSV and Rhinovirus in each study sample (orobuccal or nasal swab and saliva). | At baseline | |
| Positive agreement between viral copy number of RT-PCR for Influenzavirus A or B, RSV, and Rhinovirus, Parainfluenzavirus, Adenovirus, human Metapneumovirus in saliva, orobuccal swabs and nasal swabs compared to nasopharyngeal swabs. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Children or adults presenting at the emergency departments or hospitalized at the University Hospital of Bern with any symptom compatible with an acute respiratory tract infection in whom a nasopharyngeal swab to test for respiratory viruses is performed (standard of care).
Consecutive participant recruitment will be performed at the children and adult emergency departments during working hours of the study nurse.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Philipp Jent, MD | University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern | Bern | 3010 | Switzerland |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007251 | Influenza, Human |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012141 | Respiratory Tract Infections |
| D007239 | Infections |
| D009976 | Orthomyxoviridae Infections |
| D012327 | RNA Virus Infections |
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Orobuccal and nasal swab as well as saliva will be retained until the end of the study. For participants agreeing to further analyses of the samples with an additional consent, samples will be stored up to a maximum of 10 years after the completion of the study.
| At baseline |
| Negative agreement between viral copy number of RT-PCR for Influenzavirus A or B, RSV, and Rhinovirus, Parainfluenzavirus, Adenovirus, human Metapneumovirus in saliva, orobuccal swabs and nasal swabs compared to nasopharyngeal swabs. | At baseline |
| Prevalence of respiratory viruses in orobuccal, nasal or nasopharyngeal swabs and saliva. | At baseline |
| Sensitivity of RT-PCR for Parainfluenzavirus, Adenovirus and human Metapneumovirus in orobuccal, nasal and saliva samples. | At baseline |
| Specificity of RT-PCR for Parainfluenzavirus, Adenovirus and human Metapneumovirus in orobuccal, nasal and saliva samples. | At baseline |
| Incremental yield of virus detection in orobuccal, nasal and saliva as compared to nasopharyngeal samples. | At baseline |
| Co-prevalence of respiratory viruses in orobuccal, nasal or nasopharyngeal swabs and saliva. | At baseline |
| Association between predefined symptoms and probability for positive RT-PCR of specific viruses using different (nasopharyngeal, orobuccal, nasal, saliva) samples. | At baseline |
| Comparative cycling time values at the different sampling locations | At baseline |
| D014777 | Virus Diseases |
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |