A retrospective real-world data study, assessing the relationship between the timing of Budesonide/Glycopyrrolate/Formoterol initiation following an exacerbation and the occurrence of subsequent exacerbations, severe cardiopulmonary events and other real-world outcomes in the United States

Inclusion Criteria:

• 1 prescription(s) fill for BGF on or following July 24, 2020 (date of BGF approval in the United States)

  • Patients must have evidence a qualifying exacerbation events which, per local or global guidelines, would qualify a patient to have treatment escalated or initiated to triple therapy. The qualifying exacerbation event must occur within the 12-month period preceding the initiation of BGF but occurring on or following local BGF commercial availability (July 24, 2020) and includes either of the following

• 12 months of continuous health plan enrollment preceding the qualifying index exacerbation event date ('baseline' period)

• 1 day of continuous enrollment following the qualifying index exacerbation date

  • Age ≥ 40 years on the qualifying index exacerbation event

Exclusion Criteria:

• Presence of cancer diagnoses other than basal or squamous cell skin cancer during the baseline or follow-up periods
• Presence of interstitial fibrosis, sarcoidosis, or pulmonary embolism diagnoses during the baseline or follow-up periods
• Presence of triple therapy SITT during the baseline period through BGF initiation

The overall sample will include adult (aged 40+) COPD patients who have experienced a qualifying COPD exacerbation and eventually received treatment with BGF. Patients should not have prior single inhaler triple therapy (SITT) use during the 12-month period-baseline prior to the qualifying index exacerbation and prior to initiating BGF treatment.