According to the preoperative planning, the bronchoscope was placed at the bronchial opening of the target lobe segment, and the catheter was operated to reach the target lesion under the guidance of virtual navigation and after reaching the target lesion, the ultrasonic probe was opened to observe whether the ultrasonic image of the target lesion could be detected, and the image recording was collected to confirm that the virtual navigation catheter had accurately reached the target lesion. The ultrasound probe was removed, the TX ™ disposable transbronchoscopic dilator catheter was inserted to establish a working channel, and the nCLE was inserted to probe the benign and malignant status of the pleural lesion to determine the biopsy location and image recording was taken. Then the biopsy equipment was inserted and delivered to the target lesion for biopsy, and 5 pieces of biopsy tissue were collected.

After anesthesia, electronic bronchoscope was inserted through laryngeal mask/tracheal intubation for routine bronchoscopy. According to the preoperative planning, the bronchoscope was placed at the bronchial opening of the target lobe segment, and the catheter was operated to reach the target lesion under the guidance of virtual navigation, and was placed about 1 cm away from the target. The radial ultrasonic probe was implanted, and after reaching the target lesion, the ultrasonic probe was opened to observe whether the ultrasonic image of the target lesion could be detected, and the image recording was collected to confirm that the virtual navigation catheter had accurately reached the target lesion. Take out the ultrasonic probe, insert it into the biopsy equipment, deliver it to the target lesion for biopsy, and collect 5 pieces of biopsy tissue.

Navigation bronchoscopy combined with radial endobronchial ultrasound guided pulmonary nodule biopsy under needle-based confocal laser endomicroscopy.

The biopsies obtained from the two groups were fixed in 10% formaldehyde and sent for pathological examination. The pathological diagnosis results were identified by two pathologists back to back, and the results were consistent, that is, confirmed. If the results are inconsistent, they will be identified by a third pathologist and finally determined by the three experts after discussion.

7 days of follow-up data (including bleeding, infection, pain, fever, etc.). Patients who did not obtain a confirmed diagnosis were followed up to 6 months after surgery to evaluate their diagnosis.