Medial knee osteoarthritis (OA) remains a prevalent and debilitating condition, despite conventional physiotherapy interventions aimed at reducing pain and improving function. This study investigates the additional benefits of toe-in gait modification when combined with conventional physiotherapy in individuals with medial knee OA. Rooted in biomechanical theories suggesting that altering gait patterns can reduce medial knee load, this research employs a randomized controlled trial methodology.

Participants are divided into two groups: one receiving conventional physiotherapy alone, and the other receiving a combination of conventional physiotherapy and toe-in gait modification. Outcomes are assessed over a 8-week period, focusing on pain levels and physical function. The significance of this study lies in its potential to enhance current treatment protocols, offering a more effective, non-invasive intervention to alleviate symptoms and improve the quality of life for those suffering from medial knee OA. The findings could inform clinical practices and pave the way for personalized rehabilitation strategies that incorporate gait modifications, ultimately reducing the healthcare burden associated with knee osteoarthritis.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Clinical diagnosis of MKOA having Grade 1-3 (radiographic evidence of MKOA)
• Knee pain on most days of previous month. (The most symptomatic side will consider the study limb for participants with bilaterally eligible knees)
• Age > 45
• Ability to walk unaided for at least 25 min
• Gender eligibility both male and female

Exclusion Criteria:

• Severe MKOA (Grade 4)
• Lateral OA
• Patella femoral OA
• Previous or planned hip or knee surgery
• Hip or ankle arthritis
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Severe valgus and varus alignment requiring the use of an assistive device and the inability to walk independently
• Neurological dysfunction