Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Subconcussive Head Impacts

Mechanistic Investigation of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Pretreatment Effects on Subconcussive Brain Injury

The purpose of the proposed double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial is to understand how supplementation with fish oil [docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)] promote brain health against soccer heading. The study involves taking DHA+EPA or placebo, questionnaires, blood draws, brain imaging, tests to evaluate heart function, and soccer headings.

The purpose of the proposed study is to determine whether, and to what extent, supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids [docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)] can maintain or promote neural wellbeing against repetitive subconcussive head impacts. This study will also characterize what aspects of brain cellular and physiologic resiliencies are enhanced by supplementation in adult soccer players (aged 18-30 years old). A sub-cohort of participants who meet criteria for ADHD diagnosis will be part of exploratory analysises.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Between age 18-30
• Current or former soccer player
• At least 5 years of soccer heading experience
• Have internet access
• Willing to commit to avoid any sport activity that purposefully uses one's head to maneuver during the study period (American football, ice-hockey, rugby, wrestling, and soccer heading).

Exclusion Criteria:

• Any head or neck injury within 6 months before the study
• Implanted metal/magnetic devices (e.g., orthodontic braces
• Diagnosed autonomic or cardiovascular diseases (e.g., hypertension)
• Consuming oily fish (2 servings or more/month: salmon, bluefin, swordfish, anchovies)
• Allergy to fish or shellfish
• Consuming omega-3 FA supplements including plant-based (e.g., flaxseed) in the past 3 months.
• Pregnancy