Physical function interventions including strength, balance, and mobility exercises

Will continue their normal lives

Physical function interventions included strength, balance, and mobility exercises. More specifically, the exercises include progressively increasing intensity strengthening exercises with a resistance band for the following muscle groups: hip abductor and extensor muscles, knee flexor and extensor muscles, and shoulder abductor and external rotator muscles. Other exercises consist of standing calf raises, squats, bridges, and push-ups. Additionally, functional exercises include heel-to-toe standing or walking, single-leg standing, stepping over obstacles, bending down, and lifting an object with feet together.

SHARE Frailty Instrument will be used. Diagnostic criteria include involuntary loss of weight and muscle mass, exhaustion, low physical activity, slowness, and reduced grip strength. The presence of three or more criteria indicates frailty, while the presence of less than three pre-frailty

The Falls Efficacy Scale - International (FES-I), a 16-item questionnaire that assesses the participant's fall efficacy, will be used to measure the level of concern about falling during various social and physical activities. Every item has a four-point (1-4) score, summarizing a total score of 64 points. A 16-22 score indicates low concern about falling, and a 23-64 high concern.

The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) will be used to assess physical performance. It is an assessment tool consisting of 3 tests in three different domains (walking, sit-to-stand, and balance) to assess function: a 3- or 4-meter walking time at the usual speed, one single chair stand, and time to complete five chair stands, and three balance tests of progressive difficulty, holding for 10 seconds (side-by-side, semi-tandem, tandem stand). Each test is rated on a scale of 0 to 4, summed to give an overall score ranging from 0 to 12, with a higher score indicating better performance.